Το Ημερολόγιο του Bee Parasites and Pathogens

 Mites

• Varroa destructor


• Laelapidae


• Hypoaspis


• Mellitiphis alvearius


• Parasitus fucorum


• Parasitellus


• Parasitellus fucorum


• Kuzinia levis


• Scutacarus acarorum


• Acarapis woodi


• Locustacarus buchneri

Pyralid Snout Moths

• Plodia interpunctella


• Ephestia kuehniella


• Cadra


• Vitula edmandsii


• Galleria mellonella


• Aphomia sociella

Spider Wasps, Velvet Ants, and Allies

• Sapygidae

Cuckoo Wasps and Allies

• Chrysididae

Chalcidoid Wasps 

• Leucospidae

Skin Beetles

• Anthrenus

Blister Beetles

• Meloe

Sap-feeding Beetles

• Aethina tumida

Hover Flies

• Volucella bombylans

Flesh Flies and Satellite Flies

• Brachicoma

Bee Lice

• Braulidae

Vinegar and Fruit Flies

• Cacoxenus indagator

Thick-headed Flies

• Conopidae

Twisted-wing Insects

• Stylopidae

Picornaviruses

• Iflaviridae

Ascomycete Fungi

• Ascosphaera apis

Protozoans

• Nosema

Aerobic Endospore-forming Bacteria

• Paenibacillus larvae


• Melissococcus plutonius

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4655097/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29718285/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277645983_Beneficial_nematodes_A_potential_threat_to_honey_bees