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It is surprising how similar the North African jackal (Canis anthus, https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/golden-jackal-serengeti-national-park-1884548941) is to the coyote (Canis latrans, https://parody.fandom.com/wiki/Mearns%27_Coyote?file=Coyote%252C_Mearns%2527.jpg).
As the following photos show, they can be virtually indistinguishable to the untrained eye.
If this similarity occurred between the Eurasian jackal (Canis aureus) and the North African jackal, nobody would think much of it, and the two species would probably still be lumped together.
However, C. anthus and C. latrans could hardly be more disjunct geographically. The fact that the similarity is an intercontinental one makes this case remarkable and deeply puzzling.
Confusing the matter further are
It remains unclear whether the North African jackal should be called Canis anthus or Canis lupaster.
Hybridisation between coyote and wolf has produced the ‘coywolf’ in the northeastern USA, and possibly also central America. Meanwhile, the distinction between the North African jackal and certain sympatric wolf-like entities remains unclear.
In the case of common names, what is particularly confusing is that the coyote is jackal-like but is never called a jackal. Meanwhile, there is a current fad to call the North African jackal a wolf.
The aim of this Post is to eliminate as many of these confusions as possible in asking the question:
Just how similar in appearance is C. anthus to C. latrans?
Although there are many photos of C. latrans on the Web, most of them show thick pelage, indicating adaptation to cold.
When one excludes all photos of the coyote in winter coat, there is not much left to go on.
However, I have scoured Google Images for photos of C. latrans along three lines, to find the specimens most comparable with C. anthus. This effort has produced photos of the coyote
My conclusions are as follows:
CANIS ANTHUS
The following show Canis anthus in the area from Tanzania to Ethiopia.
https://www.alamy.com/asiatic-jackal-image209692971.html?imageid=40AD7222-D927-40C8-B6F1-8DAF9DD7BAD4&p=257778&pn=3&searchId=dc9b1acfd72b8e624ffe174638fa2e84&searchtype=0
Awash National Park, Ethiopia:
https://c2.staticflickr.com/2/1065/1279725816_a3c70d37e4_z.jpg?zz=1
Lake Abiata, southern Ethiopia:
http://blogs.biomedcentral.com/bmcseriesblog/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2017/04/Lake_abiata-wolf-620x342.jpg
Serengeti and Ngorongoro:
https://mir-s3-cdn-cf.behance.net/project_modules/max_1200/8eb82226232369.5604deba6b5da.jpg
http://photos.travellerspoint.com/435774/large_D8956D31FF99BEAC2E3AF704DDCB7BC8.jpg
https://julianguerrero.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/golden-jackal.jpg
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-golden-jackal-canis-aureus-serengeti-national-park-tanzania-123340155.html?imageid=602366FC-36EE-4A8B-BF5C-D0F6F2747DA9&p=22059&pn=1&searchId=89fc8846c0c357dff41ad301570b97eb&searchtype=0 and
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-golden-jackal-canis-aureus-serengeti-national-park-tanzania-123340161.html?imageid=722718D7-EF62-483C-A942-221F45EDA815&p=22059&pn=1&searchId=89fc8846c0c357dff41ad301570b97eb&searchtype=0
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ebgnsEGoNMo/U_8oUYdoFnI/AAAAAAAAbgc/Jd_bgZlIUGk/s1600/3c1%2Bjackal%2B-%2Bngo%2B-%2Bmce.jpg
http://spiegels.smugmug.com/Travel/Africa/i-bfjbC9R/0/M/africa-3674-M.jpg
CANIS LATRANS
The following exclude all specimens in winter coat.
http://19mvmv3yn2qc2bdb912o1t2n.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/science/files/2016/03/7813912_orig.jpg
https://farm1.static.flickr.com/651/31718411214_60a9ebe284_b.jpg
http://www.nhptv.org/wild/images/coyote9.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Coyote_in_Alaska.jpg
http://naturemappingfoundation.org/natmap/photos/mammals/coyote_3261np.jpg
http://c8.alamy.com/comp/B2C40A/coyote-or-prairie-wolf-canis-latrans-adult-sonoran-desert-arizona-B2C40A.jpg
https://tjsgardendotcom1.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/great-coyote-photo.jpg
http://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-get/I0000upZiCkcQUus/s/600/600/MC362.jpg
https://www.blendspace.com/lessons/LAggLgM8yOVCxA/desert-region-catherine
https://ovlc.org/ojai-wildlife/coyote/
https://tjsgardendotcom1.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/coyote-in-arizona-desert.jpg
http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/desert-coyote-desert-harmony.jpg
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/07/b9/e7/07b9e78a44408ec95fcec9ca5153d490.jpg
https://www.freeimages.com/es/premium/coyote-in-the-southern-california-desert-1827610
https://www.flickr.com/photos/keith_burton/5490906201
https://www.nps.gov/deva/learn/nature/coyote.htm
The following two photos show what is ostensibly the coyote in Panama. Here, the tail seems to be about as dark as that of C. anthus.
Panama:
http://playacommunity.com/images/stories/caytoe.jpg
https://image.shutterstock.com/z/stock-photo-female-coyote-canis-latrans-cagottis-at-a-prairie-field-in-the-lowlands-of-panama-104909774.jpg
SUMMARY
Until recently, nobody seemed to notice the differences between the Eurasian jackal (with its obviously short ears and short tail) and the North African jackal.
By that rather unobservant standard, the coyote would be regarded as the same species as the North African jackal, were it not for
The slight differences in the colouration of the hindquarters justify only a subspecific distinction between the North African jackal and the coyote.
to be continued in https://www.inaturalist.org/journal/milewski/69875-an-african-jackal-looks-like-an-american-jackal-canis-anthus-vs-canis-latrans-part-2#...
Σχόλια
I’ve often noticed americans calling C.aureus & C.anthus/lupaster “coyotes” on youtube, and other social media, being quite unaware of the difference.
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(18)31125-4.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328376163_Interspecific_Gene_Flow_Shaped_the_Evolution_of_the_Genus_Canis
apparently, coyotes are basal in relation to wolves and golden wolves?
https://youtu.be/YHfwmDgTnwg
In the Canis lupaster/anthus, even in the north african ones, there are remarkable similarities to the coyote that can be seen, so much so that if I were to just see the image of it without the context, I would presume it to be a coyote.
Is it the case that the coyote and african golden wolf sharing a direct common ancestor in the very recent past? Or is it that they are similar by coincidence, perhaps both?
https://www.ebay.com.au/itm/204069155135?chn=ps&_ul=AU&norover=1&mkevt=1&mkrid=705-139619-5960-0&mkcid=2&itemid=204069155135&targetid=1278904175689&device=c&mktype=pla&googleloc=9070531&poi=&campaignid=9767740964&mkgroupid=120554478137&rlsatarget=pla-1278904175689&abcId=578876&merchantid=119490698&gclid=Cj0KCQjw6_CYBhDjARIsABnuSzpv6C4rhYtQpxkmDeFqSgIO0rL6pUsi_DS83CGZTjJhK94AZJAHEHIaAlTdEALw_wcB
https://90milesfromneedles.com/episode/s1e6-coyotexistence-how-to-live-with-coyotes
much thanks
Mislabelled, so shift to other Post
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-jackal-in-serengeti-afternoon-82240646.html?imageid=A03102F3-8FAE-430E-9B8B-7FD012145593&p=254745&pn=1&searchId=89fc8846c0c357dff41ad301570b97eb&searchtype=0
Do these infants of Canis anthus look any different from infants of Canis latrans?
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-serengeti-jackal-golden-jackal-canis-aureus-bea-pup-ngorongoro-crater-85055606.html?imageid=7BA61C26-DC5A-43B0-88BC-B2F1988CB814&p=196821&pn=1&searchId=89fc8846c0c357dff41ad301570b97eb&searchtype=0
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-serengeti-jackal-golden-jackal-canis-aureus-bea-pups-ngorongoro-crater-85055604.html?imageid=78EFD502-84F4-41B4-8F32-FD1635F3FD8E&p=196821&pn=1&searchId=89fc8846c0c357dff41ad301570b97eb&searchtype=0
Shift to Post on ontogenetic retardation
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-a-black-backed-jackal-runs-on-the-savanna-serengeti-national-park-53432828.html?imageid=4E9711E0-8F7D-4057-9AB1-17CC01D732F1&p=165290&pn=1&searchId=89fc8846c0c357dff41ad301570b97eb&searchtype=0
https://www.alamy.com/black-backed-jackal-canis-mesomelas-maasai-mara-kenya-image339089779.html?imageid=76257B54-FBBD-4E39-BC7F-9A380B2E30E5&p=202574&pn=1&searchId=89fc8846c0c357dff41ad301570b97eb&searchtype=0
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-black-backed-jackals-canis-mesomelas-young-intermite-mound-130598380.html?imageid=C6439C8E-1EB2-430C-A564-178FA3A3B98F&p=233746&pn=2&searchId=7112c82da8496c5925cae248a6caf33b&searchtype=0
https://www.alamy.com/stock-image-black-backed-jackal-in-the-masai-mara-kenya-163553013.html?imageid=A222DA72-0D0C-4FC2-938A-EE0F982293F6&p=550682&pn=3&searchId=dc9b1acfd72b8e624ffe174638fa2e84&searchtype=0
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-black-backed-jackals-canis-mesomelas-serengeti-national-park-tanzania-123340152.html?imageid=AEB42C8F-45AF-496F-B6B9-61AFB6B35AB0&p=22059&pn=4&searchId=7485ab16fff71bfc2bd39a13be364972&searchtype=0
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-black-backed-east-african-jackal-canis-mesomelas-schmidti-in-serengeti-172370579.html?imageid=EA2685AD-2842-4CFC-817A-40E68097FF9E&p=151748&pn=6&searchId=61abe20a4cab906d03b4103ccf47a5f9&searchtype=0
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-kenya-masai-mara-game-reserve-black-backed-jackal-canis-mesomelas-10007455.html?imageid=11E3A779-9747-4DC0-BADD-EF0D7618CCD1&p=17663&pn=6&searchId=61abe20a4cab906d03b4103ccf47a5f9&searchtype=0
Shift
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-silver-backed-jackal-portrait-48600952.html?imageid=3B4EC2B0-69BA-474F-8D8C-D19C34204544&p=1293&pn=2&searchId=7112c82da8496c5925cae248a6caf33b&searchtype=0
The following (https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-black-backed-jackal-canis-mesomelas-130713402.html?imageid=0C34956B-0C68-4450-A080-40F0A5646F81&p=233746&pn=2&searchId=7112c82da8496c5925cae248a6caf33b&searchtype=0) is mislabelled as Canis mesomelas. I show it here, because the setting is so ambivalent that it could be either East Africa or North America.
Can readers tell whether this is Canis anthus or Canis latrans?
The answer is C. anthus, and the clue are two features not seen is the coyote, namely a) an extensively dark tail, and b) a diagonal dark bar on the haunch.
Shift
Excellent photos of L. m. schmidti
https://www.alamy.com/black-backed-jackal-canis-mesomelas-in-fresh-grass-grumeti-game-reserve-serengeti-tanzaniajpg-image261024986.html?imageid=EFC87C19-9481-4B76-A40E-001D1BC06D5D&p=184594&pn=2&searchId=7112c82da8496c5925cae248a6caf33b&searchtype=0
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-single-black-backed-jackal-on-serengeti-136005957.html?imageid=22BCE43F-3444-458C-9A23-BABDCB97199B&p=387322&pn=4&searchId=7485ab16fff71bfc2bd39a13be364972&searchtype=0
https://www.dailybreeze.com/2019/04/01/coyote-sightings-at-harbor-ucla-medical-center-near-torrance-worries-some-employees/
https://www.ocregister.com/2015/07/10/irvine-on-alert-amid-coyote-attacks-on-children/
https://www.ocregister.com/2013/11/05/hazing-stops-coyote-attacks-officials-tell-seal-beach-residents/
SHIFT
BEST PHOTO OF ITS KIND
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-a-black-backed-jackal-and-antelopes-in-serengeti-plains-17433007.html?imageid=2ABCE53E-B4F1-4738-AD08-94A2FFDE9D60&p=55167&pn=4&searchId=7485ab16fff71bfc2bd39a13be364972&searchtype=0
Best illustrations of dorsal cross-out
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-jackal-canis-aureus-17757853.html?imageid=797CA374-063F-43E3-9055-15D7F81B31B6&p=32683&pn=4&searchId=7485ab16fff71bfc2bd39a13be364972&searchtype=0
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-jackal-canis-aureus-17757921.html?imageid=09397D2A-D9C6-4143-94F3-8E2DFB6CCED6&p=32683&pn=5&searchId=a582718982b4644f19afcacb77ea626f&searchtype=0
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