Ημερολόγιο της/του huttonia

NOTE: This glossary contains mostly the terms used in the family chapters and those that are widely used. Also note that when "of spiders" is used, it doesn't mean other animals don't have those characters or terms being used for them. Also, for many of the terms and such, I will sometime add photos/illustrations.

• Abdomen: Incorrect term for opisthosoma.
• Abdominal region: The posterior subtagma of the opisthosoma.
• Aciniform gland spigot: A type of spigot usually found on the PLS.
• Active hunter: A spider that actively searches for prey and doesn't live in a retreat all day and all night or not even in one at all.
• AER: Short for anterior eye row.
• Aggregate gland spigot: A type of spigot found only on the PLS of some araneoid spiders.
• ALE: Short for anterior lateral eye.
• ALS: Short for anterior lateral spinneret.
• Ambush hunter: A spider that ambushes prey in a burrow, retreat, or web and patiently sits and waits for prey to wander passed.
• AME: Short for anterior median eye.
• AMS: Short for anterior median spinneret.
• Anal tubercle: A lobe on the posterior opisthosoma.
• Annulus (pl. annuli): A sclerite on the distal part of the spinneret that is a complete ring.
• Anterior: Toward the front.
• Anterior lobe: A anteriorly-projecting lobe on the prolateral margin of the endites.
• Apex: The tip.
• Apophysis (pl. apophyses): A non-moveable process typically on the male palp.
• Appendage: A part projecting out from the body, usually moveable and functional.
• Araneoid-like: Appearing similar to Araneidae, Tetragnathidae, Theridiidae, Theridiosomatidae, or Linyphiidae.
• Araneoid spigot: The two aggregate gland and single flagelliform gland spigots on the PLS of some araneoids.
• Arboreal: Lives in higher habitats, e.g., trees.
• Arcannulus (pl. arcannuli): The outer sclerite of the proximal megannulus of paratropidids which surrounds the ponsannulus.
• ASR: Short for anterior spinneret row.
• Atrium (pl. atria): The area where the eggs and sperm pass through.
• Balloon: When a spider uses silk to catch the wind which then pulls the spider into the air, therefore relocating it.
• Bifid: Two-pronged.
• Bipartite: Consisting of two parts.
• Biseriate: Arranged in two rows.
• Bucca (pl. buccae): The "cheeks" lateral to the spinneret field in Cryptothelinae (from Zodariidae).
• Bulb: The large, typically round core of the male palp which bears the embolus.
• Calamistrum (pl. calamistra): A row of setae on the retrolateral side of metatarsus IV in cribellate spiders.
• Carapace: The top, shield-like plate on the prosoma.
• Cardiac region: The anterior subtagma of the opisthosoma.
• CECE: Short for cribellate-excribellate & colulate-excolulate, refers to the taxonomy presented herein.
• Cephalic region: The anterior subtagma of the carapace.
• Cephalothorax: Incorrect term for prosoma.
• Chelicera (pl. chelicerae): Pincer-like appendage consisting of the paturon and fang.
• Cheliceral furrow: The margins of where the fang rests, typically with teeth.
• Chilum (pl. chila): A sclerite found in between the clypeus and chelicerae of many spiders.
• Chitin: The material arthropod exoskeletons are made of.
• Chitinous: Similar to sclerotized.
• Cicatrix (pl. cicatrices): Scars from the previous instar that are found in between the piriform gland spigots on the ALS.
• Clavate: Club-shaped.
• Claw tuft: A pad of setae just below the claws.
• Clypeus (pl. clypea): The space between the eyes and chelicerae.
• Colulate: Having a colulus.
• Colulus (pl. coluli): A non-functional lobe or group of setae in front of the spinnerets.
• Common: Often seen or uniting two or more objects (e.g., spinnerets on a common base).
• Concave: Having a surface that curves inward toward the middle.
• Conductor: An apophysis accompanying and supporting the embolus, on the bulb of many spiders.
• Condyle: The red, fleshy part of the lateral or posterior paturon in many spiders.
• Coniform: Cone-shaped.
• Conspicuous: Very noticeable and usually standing out.
• Contiguous: Very close together or touching.
• Contra: Herein used to state that it is contrasting or opposing the other view(s).
• Converge: Herein used to describe how close to touching.
• Convex: Having a surface that curves outward toward the middle.
• Copulate: The process of mating.
• Copulatory: Having to do with mating or mating organs.
• Copulatory openings: The openings of the fertilization ducts.
• Cornuate seta: One or more setae associated with the claws and ventrally spined.
• Coxa (pl. coxae): The first segment of the leg or the outer part of the first segment of the palp.
• Crescent: A sclerite on the distal part of the spinneret that is a partial ring.
• Cribellate: Having a cribellum.
• Cribellum: A plate-like spinning apparatus in front of the spinnerets.
• Cuspule: A wart-like seta on the endites and labium and sometimes spinnerets of many mygalomorphs, and also on the legs of male trachelids.
• Cuticle: The skin of a spider.
• Cuticular: Relating to the cuticle.
• Cylindrical: Cylinder-shaped.
• Cylindrical gland spigot: A type of spigot found only on the PLS and/or PMS of many adult female spiders.
• Cymbium (pl. cymbia): The large, swollen part of the tarsus of the adult male palp.
• Diad: A group of two.
• Diaxial: Having the paturons facing downward and the fangs pinching together, and able to move from side to side.
• Digitiform: Finger-shaped and herein at least twice as long as wide.
• Distal: Toward the end.
• Divergent: Spread out distally.
• Dorsal: Toward the top.
• Dorsum: The dorsal side of the opisthosoma.
• Ecdysis: The process of molting or shedding.
• Ectal: Toward the outer edge.
• Embolus (pl. emboli): A usually whip-like extension projecting from the bulb.
• Endite: The first segment of the palp.
• Entelegyne: When the female genitalia have separate copulatory and fertilization ducts.
• Epigastria: The anterior tagma of the venter consisting of the epigastric furrow, the tracheae nearby, and the internal genitalia or epigastric spigots.
• Epigastric spigot: A type of spigot found on the epigastria of many male spiders.
• Epigyne (pl. epigyna): A sclerotized plate covering the female genitalia.
• Excolulate: Colulate but lacking a colulus.
• Excribellate: Cribellate but having a relict cribellum.
• Exoskeleton: The outer body of a spider consisting of a cuticle and inner cells.
• Exuvium (pl. exuvia): The shed exoskeleton of a spider.
• Eye tubercle: A tubercle bearing the eyes.
• Falcate seta: A type of seta found on the anal tubercle of oecobiids.
• Fan trachea: The so-called lungs of a spider, one pair always located on the anterior venter.
• Fang: The distal part of the chelicera.
• Femur (pl. femora): The third segment of the leg or palp.
• Filiform: Thread-shaped.
• Flagelliform gland spigot: A type of spigot found only on the PLS of some araneoid spiders.
• Fovea (pl. foveae): A groove on the carapace.
• Frustum: A sclerite on the distal part of the spinneret that is a truncated cone.
• FT: Short for fan trachea.
• Fundamembranus (pl. fundamembrana): The membranous proximal part bearing one or more spinnerets.
• Fundamentum (pl. fundamenta): A sclerite on the proximal part of the spinneret that is a complete, elongate annulus.
• Genital: Having to do with copulatory organs.
• Genitalia: The copulatory organs.
• Habitus: General appearance.
• Haematodocha (pl. haematodochae): A membranous inflatable part of the bulb.
• Hamate seta: A type of seta on the adult female opisthosoma of trechaleids, allowing the offspring to cling on.
• Haplogyne: When the female genitalia have ducts used for both copulatory and fertilization purposes.
• Incertae sedis: Uncertain of placement.
• Inferior tarsal claw: The middle, lower tarsal claw.
• Integument: Outer cuticle.
• ITC: Short for inferior tarsal claw.
• Kleptoparasite: An animal that steals resources from another animal.
• Labidognath: See diaxial.
• Labium (pl. labia): The lower lip.
• Labrum (pl. labra): The upper lip.
• Lamelliform: Appearing like lamina.
• Lamina (pl. laminae): The sclerotized keel on the paturons of some spiders.
• Lateral: Toward the side.
• Laterigrade: Rotated laterally.
• Lobe: A projection.
• Longitudinal: Running anteriorly to posteriorly.
• Lyra: A stridulatory process around the mouthparts.
• Macroseta (pl. macrosetae): A type of seta that is hardened to form a stronger and less flexible spine.
• Major ampullate gland spigot: A type of spigot found only on the ALS of most spiders.
• Margin: The edge of a surface.
• Matriphagy: When a mother is consumed by her offspring intentionally.
• Maxilla (pl. maxillae): The inner part of the first segment of the palp.
• Medial: Toward the middle.
• Median apophysis: A small apophysis found on the bulb of many spiders.
• Megannulus (pl. megannuli): A sclerite on the middle part(s) of the PLS of mygalomorphs.
• Membrane: Unsclerotized cuticle appearing pale.
• Membranous: Adjective form of membrane.
• Metatarsus (pl. metatarsi): The sixth segment of the leg.
• Minor ampullate gland spigot: A type of spigot found only on the PMS and/or PLS of most spiders.
• Modus operandi: Latin for method of working, i.e., techniques.
• Molecular Data: A technique that analyzes genetic and molecular differences to achieve details on evolutionary relationships between different types of animals.
• New World: The Americas.
• Nullipartite: Consisting of no parts.
• Oblique: Changing angle.
• Old World: Europe, Africa, Asia, and Oceania.
• Onychium (pl. onychia): A distal pseudosegment on the tarsus bearing the claws.
• Opisthosoma (pl. opisthosomata or opisthosomae): The posterior body tagma.
• Orthognath: See paraxial.
• Pala (pl. palae): A sclerite on the distal part of the spinneret that is a shovel.
• Palp: The leg-like appendage in between the legs and chelicerae.
• Paracribellar spigot: A type of spigot found on the PMS and/or PLS of many cribellate spiders.
• Paracymbium (pl. paracymbia): A proximal hook on the cymbium.
• Paradiaxial: Having the paturons and fangs in between diaxial and paraxial.
• Paraxial: Having the paturon projecting forward and the fangs nearly parallel, and able to move up and down.
• Pars pendula (pl. pars pendulae): An apophysis on the base of the embolus.
• Patella (pl. patellae): The fourth segment of the leg or palp.
• Paturon: The proximal part of the chelicera.
• Pectinate seta: A type of seta found ventrally on tarsus IV of some araneoids.
• Pectinus (pl. pectini): A sclerite on the distal part of the PLS that is a well-developed comb.
• Pedicel: The waist-like part connecting the prosoma and opisthosoma.
• Peg tooth: Tooth-like setae found on the PM and/or RM of some spiders.
• PER: Short for posterior eye row.
• Phylogeny: See molecular data.
• Piriform gland spigot: A type of spigot usually found on the ALS.
• Plagiognathy: Having the chelicerae paraxial but able to move up and down and from side to side.
• PLE: Short for posterior lateral eye.
• PLS: Short for posterior lateral spinneret.
• PM: Short for promargin.
• PME: Short for posterior median eye.
• PMS: Short for posterior median spinneret.
• Podiac region: The posterior subtagma of the carapace.
• Ponsannulus (pl. ponsannuli): The inner sclerite of the proximal megannulus of paratropidids which is surrounded by the arcannulus.
• Porrect: Projecting forwards.
• Posterior: Toward the back.
• Praedistalus (pl. praedistali): A small, sclerotized spot on the ALS, after the fundamentum but before the distal sclerite, of some spiders.
• Precoxal sclerite: A sclerite in between the coxae.
• Primarily entelegyne: Lacking an epigyne covering the entelegyne female genitalia.
• Primarily haplogyne: Lacking an epigyne covering the haplogyne female genitalia.
• Priority: In taxonomy, the spider described first, thus the parent taxon is named after it rather than a spider with less priority.
• Pro: Toward the front.
• Pro tem: Meaning for the time being.
• Prograde: Not rotated laterally.
• Prominent: Projecting from a surface.
• Prong: An apophysis.
• Pronounced: Noticeable.
• Prosoma (pl. prosomata or prosomae): The anterior body tagma.
• Proximal: Toward the base.
• Pseudosegment: Constricted and appearing like at least one more segment, and thus more flexible.
• PSR: Short for posterior spinneret row.
• PSTC: Short for prolateral superior tarsal claw.
• PTA: Short for prolateral tibial apophysis.
• Pustulose: Having numerous, slightly raised areas.
• Quadripartite: Consisting of four parts.
• Rastellum: A group of macrosetae just above the fang in many mygalomorphs, used for excavating burrows.
• Rebordered: Distally thicker.
• Receptacle: See spermatheca.
• Receptaculum (pl. receptacula): See spermatheca.
• Reflexed: Curved around.
• Relict cribellum: A cribellum that is totally non-functional and present in both sexes.
• Reniform: Kidney-shaped.
• Retro: Toward the back.
• RM: Short for retromargin.
• RSTC: Short for retrolateral superior tarsal claw.
• RTA: Short for retrolateral tibial apophysis.
• Rugose: Wrinkled or corrugated.
• Scape: See scapus.
• Scapus (pl. scapi): Tongue-like process on the epigyne.
• Sclerite: Hardened cuticle.
• Sclerotized: Adjective form of sclerite.
• Scopula (pl. scopulae): A pad of setae on the undersides of the legs and the inner margins of the endites.
• Scutum (pl. scuta): A sclerite on the opisthosoma of some araneomorphs.
• Secondarily entelegyne: Having an epigyne covering the entelegyne female genitalia.
• Secondarily haplogyne: Having an epigyne covering the haplogyne female genitalia.
• Secondary trachea: The second set of respiratory organs of most spiders.
• Segment: A part or article.
• Segmented: Divided into two or more parts.
• Serrula (pl. serrulae): A cuticular, serrated ridge found on the PM of the endites.
• Seta (pl. setae): The variable "hair" of a spider.
• Setose: Covered in setae.
• Sigilla (pl. sigillae): Circular depressions on the sternum of mygalomorphs and filistatids, and also on the cardiac region.
• Signatifinus (pl. signatifini): The distal sclerite on the PLS of mygalomorphs.
• Sinuous: S-shaped.
• Spatulate: Spatula-like.
• Spermatheca (pl. spermathecae): A sac in the vulvae which stores sperm.
• Spigot: The hair-like valve that secretes silk on the spinneret.
• Spiniform: Spine-shaped.
• Spinneret: A lobe to finger-like appendage that bears spigots, situated distally or centrally on the venter.
• Spiracle: A hole which the ST connect.
• Spiralis (pl. spirali): A sclerite on the proximal part of the spinneret that is spiraling around the spinneret.
• Squamate: Scaled.
• ST: Short for secondary trachea.
• Sternum (pl. sterna or sternums): The bottom, shield-like plate of the prosoma.
• STC: Short for superior tarsal claw.
• Stridulatory: Able to be rubbed and thus producing sounds.
• Submargin: Before the margin of, e.g., the carapace.
• Subtegulum: The proximal sclerite of the bulb.
• Supertegulum: The distal sclerite of the bulb in some spiders.
• Superior tarsal claw: The side, upper claws.
• Sustentaculum (pl. sustentacula): A thick, modified seta on ventrally on tarsi IV of most araneids.
• Suture: A crack or incision.
• Tagma (pl. tagmata): A region.
• Taper: Curving.
• Tapetum: A layer in the eye that reflects light.
• Tarsal claws: The claws on the tarsus.
• Tarsus (pl. tarsi): The seventh segment of the leg or sixth segment of the palp.
• Tartipore: See cicatrix.
• Taxon (pl. taxa): A nonspecific taxonomic rank.
• Taxonomy: The study of classifying organisms.
• Tegulum (pl. tegula): The medial sclerite of the bulb.
• Tegument: See integument.
• Tergite: A sclerite on the dorsum of liphistiomorphs and some mygalomorphs.
• Terrestrial: Living in a lower but not aquatic habitat such as the forest floor.
• Thoracic region: Incorrect term for podiac region.
• Tibia (pl. tibiae): The fifth segment of the leg or palp.
• Titiotine-like: Appearing similar to Titiotinae (from Zoropsidae).
• Trachea (pl. tracheae): The respiratory system of spiders.
• Transverse: Running from side to side.
• Triad: A group of three.
• Trichobothrium (pl. trichobothria): The usually long, airborne sensory "hair" of a spider.
• Tripartite: Consisting of three parts.
• Trochanter: The second segment of the leg or palp.
• Truncate: Appearing to be squared or cut off.
• Tubercle: A projection.
• Tuberculate: Humped with tubercles.
• Type: The original specimen or taxon.
• Unipartite: Consisting of a single part.
• Urticating seta: Irritating setae on the dorsum and sometimes palps of many theraphosids.
• Venter: The ventral side of the opisthosoma.
• Ventral: Toward the underside.
• Vulva (pl. vulvae): The internal genitalia of females.
• World Spider Catalog: An online database listing all current spiders; has virtually all taxonomic literature on spiders.
• WSC: Short for World Spider Catalog.

WEBSITES:

World Spider Catalog (2023). Version 24.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, accessed on November 28, 2022.

iNaturalist (2023). iNaturalist, online at http://www.inaturalist.org, accessed on November 28, 2022.

BugGuide (2023). BugGuide, online at https://bugguide.net/node/view/15740, accessed on November 28, 2022.

Araneae: Spiders of Europe (2023). Version 11. Araneae: Spiders of Europe. Natural History Museum Bern, online at https://araneae.nmbe.ch, accessed on November 28, 2022.

Burke Museum (2023). Burke Museum Spider Myths, online at https://www.burkemuseum.org/collections-and-research/biology/arachnology-and-entomology/spider-myths, accessed on Jun 20, 2023.

~~~~~

VIDEOS:

@BritishArachnologicalSociety (February 9, 2022), YouTube. Spider phylogenetics and the evolution of spinning organs. British Arachnological Society, duration 22:00.

~~~~~

BOOKS:

Adams, R. J. & Manolis, T. D. (2014). Spiders of California and the Pacific Coast States. University of California Press, California, USA, 303 pp.

Barth, F. G. (2002). A spider's world. Senses and behavior. Springer, Berlin, 393 pp.

Bee, L., Oxford, G. & Smith H. (2020). Britain's Spiders: a field guide. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, USA, 496 pp.

Bradley, R. A. (2013). Common Spiders of North America. University of California Press, California, USA, 271 pp.

Clerck, C. (1757). Aranei Svecici. Svenska spindlar, uti sina hufvud-slågter indelte samt under några och sextio särskildte arter beskrefne och med illuminerade figurer uplyste. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholmiae [= Stockholm], 154 pp.

Cowles, J. (2018). Amazing Arachnids. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, USA, 328 pp.

Dalton, Stephen (2008). Spiders: the ultimate predators. Firefly Books, New York, USA, 208 pp.

Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L. (2001). Forest spiders of South East Asia: with a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanterriidae [sic]). Brill, Leiden, 591 pp.

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2020e). The Hersiliidae of South Africa. Version 1. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 23 pp.

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2020m). The Cyrtaucheniidae of South Africa. Version 2. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 37 pp.

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2020p). The Palpimanidae of South Africa. Version 1. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 25 pp.

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H., Lotz, L. N. & Jocqué, R. (2021b). The Amaurobiidae of South Africa. Version 2. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 26 pp.

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2021c). The Archaeidae of South Africa. Version 1. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 20 pp.

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2021F). The Bemmeridae of South Africa. Version 1. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 41 pp.

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2021i). The Ischnothelidae of South Africa. Version 1. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 6 pp.

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2021m). The Microstigmatidae of South Africa. Version 1. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 11 pp.

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2021n). The Migidae of South Africa. Version 1. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 30 pp.

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2021q). The Oecobiidae of South Africa. Version 1. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 19 pp.

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2021r). The Orsolobidae of South Africa. Version 1. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 12 pp.

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2021s). The Penestomidae of South Africa. Version 1. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 15 pp.

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2021t). The Phyxelididae of South Africa. Version 1. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 47 pp.

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2021x). The Stasimopidae of South Africa. Version 1. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 54 pp.

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2021y). The Telemidae of South Africa. Version 1. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 7 pp.

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2022a). The Eresidae of South Africa. Version 2. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 46 pp.

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2022n). The Drymusidae of South Africa. Version 2. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 10 pp.

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2023c). The Prodidomidae of South Africa. Version 1. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 42 pp.

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H., Lotz, L. N. & Bird, T. L. (2020c). The Ammoxenidae of South Africa. Version 1. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 20 pp.

Dunbarn, E. (2019). Jumping Spiders, Jumping Spider Pet Owners Guide. Zoodoo Publishing, Illinois, USA.

Filmer, M. R. & Larsen, N. (2010). Filmer's Spiders: an identification guide for Southern Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, South Africa, 128 pp.

Fitter, J. (2020). Wildlife of New Zealand: a field guide. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, USA, 304 pp.

Foelix, R. F. (2011). Biology of Spiders. Oxford University Press, New York, USA, 419 pp.

Forster, R. R. & Forster, L. M. (1999). Spiders of New Zealand and their Worldwide Kin. University of Otago Press, Dunedin, New Zealand, 270 pp.

Jocqué, R. & Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S. (2006). Spider families of the world. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Central Tervuren, 336 pp.

Kaston, B. J. (1981). Spiders of Connecticut. Bulletin of the Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey, 1020 pp.

Koh, K. H. & Bay, N. (2019). Borneo Spiders: a photographic field guide. Sabah Forestry Department, Sabah, Malaysia, 497 pp.

Levi, H. W. & Levi., L. R. (2002). Spiders and Their Kin. St. Martin's Press, New York, USA, 160 pp.

Murphy, J. (2007). Gnaphosid genera of the world. British Arachnological Society St Neots, Cambridgeshire 1, i-xii, 1-92; 2, i-ii, 93-605.

Murphy, F. & Murphy, J. (2000). An introduction to the spiders of South East Asia with notes on all the genera. Malaysian Nature Society Kuala Lumpur, 388 pp.

Murphy, J. A. & Roberts, M. J. (2015). Spider families of the world and their spinnerets. British Arachnological Society, York, volume 1 & 2, pp. i-xii, 1-189; xiii-xvi, 191-553.

Nentwig, W., Ansorg, J., Bolzern, A., Frick, H., Ganske, A.-S., Hänggi, A., Kropf, C. & Stäubli, A. (2022). All you need to know about spiders. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 245 pp.

Paquin, P., Vink, C. & Dupérré, N. (2010). Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key & species list. Manaaki Whenua Press Lincoln, New Zealand, 118 pp.

Platnick, N. I. (2020). Spiders of the World: a natural history. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, USA, 256 pp.

Preston-Mafham, R. & Preston-Mafham K. (1984). Spiders of the World. Blandford Press, New York, USA, 191 pp.

Rose, S. (2022). Spider of North America. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, USA, 611 pp.

Roth, V. D. (1994). Spider Genera of North America, with Keys to Families and Genera, and a Guide to Literature, third edition. American Arachnological Society, Gainesville, 203 pp.

Schultz, S. A. & Schultz, M. J. (2009). The Tarantula Keeper's Guide. Barron's Educational Series, New York, USA, 376 pp.

Ubick, D. Paquin, P., Cushing, P. E. & Roth, eds (2017). Spiders of North America: an identification manual. 2nd Edition. American Arachnological Society, Keene, New Hampshire, USA, 425 pp.

Vetter, R. S. (2015). The Brown Recluse Spider. Cornell University Press, New York, USA, 186 pp.

Whyte, R. & Anderson, G. (2017). A Field Guide to Spiders of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Victoria, Australia, 451 pp.

Zhang, Z. S. & Wang, L. Y. (2017). Chinese spiders illustrated. Chongqing University Press, 954 pp.

~~~~~

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Agnarsson, I. (2004). Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 141(4): 447-626.

Almeida-Silva, L. M., Griswold, C. E. & Brescovit, A. D. (2015). Revision of Emmenomma Simon (Amaurobiidae, Macrobuninae). Zootaxa 3931(3): 387-400.

Álvarez-Padilla, A., Kallal, R. J. & Hormiga, G. (2020). Taxonomy and phylogenetics of Nanometinae and other Australasian orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 438: 1-107.

Arizala, S., Labarque, F. M. & Polotow, D. (2021). Revision of the Neotropical spider genus Acanthoctenus (Araneae: Ctenidae: Acanthocteninae). Zootaxa 4920(1): 1-55. [incl. Erratum: Zootaxa 5032(4): 600

Avilés, L., Maddison, W. P. & Agnarsson, I. (2006). A new independently derived social spider with explosive colony proliferation and a female size dimorphism. Biotropica 38: 743-753.

Azevedo, G. H. F, Bougie, T., Carboni, M., Hedin, M. & Ramírez, M. J. (2022). Combining genomic, phenotypic and sanger sequencing data to elucidate the phylogeny of the two-clawed spiders (Dionycha). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 166(107327): 1-14.

Baehr, B. C., Raven, R. J. & Hebron, W. (2011). Orsolobidae of the IBISCA-Queensland project at Lamington National Park. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, Nature 55: 439-449.

Baert, L. (2009). The genus Odo Keyserling, 1887 (Araneae: Zoridae) of the Galápagos islands (Ecuador). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie 79: 45-57.

Ballarin, F. & Li, S. Q. (2015). Three new genera of the family Nesticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Tibet and Yunnan, China. Zoological Systematics 40(2): 179-190.

Barth, F. G. & Cordes, D. (1998). Cupiennius remedius new species (Araneae, Ctenidae), and a key for the genus. Journal of Arachnology 26: 133-141.

Barth, F. G. & Cordes, D. (2008). Key to the genus Cupiennius (Araneae, Ctenidae). Stapfia 88: 225-228.

Bayer, S. (2011). Revision of the pseudo-orbweavers of the genus Fecenia Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Psechridae), with emphasis on their pre-epigyne. ZooKeys 153: 1-56.

Bayer, S. (2012). The lace-sheet-weavers – a long story (Araneae: Psechridae: Psechrus). Zootaxa 3379: 1-170.

Benavides, L. R. & Hormiga, G. (2020). A morphological and combined phylogenetic analysis of pirate spiders (Araneae, Mimetidae): evolutionary relationships, taxonomy, and character evolution. Invertebrate Systematics 34(2): 144-191.

Bertani, R. & Almeida, M. Q. (2021). Yanomamius n. gen., a new genus of tarantula from Brazilian and Venezuelan Amazon (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with description of three new species. Zootaxa 4933(3): 324-340.

Bertani, R. & Raven, R. J. (2023). On the genus Thalerommata Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 5271(2): 201-230.

Bonaldo, A. B., Bosselaers, J., Ramírez, M. J., Labarque, F. M., Shimano, Y., Silva-Junior, C. J. & Haddad, C. R. (2022). Switching identities: a revision of the Afrotropical spider genus Carteronius Simon, 1897 (Araneae, Corinnidae), senior synonym of Mandaneta Strand, 1932, with a new genus of the Pronophaea group. Zootaxa 5205(4): 343-373.

Bonaldo, A. B., Lise, A. A., Ramírez, M. J. & Saturnino, R. (2018). Revisiting the spider genus Eutichurus Simon, 1897 (Araneae, Eutichuridae): new species and complementary descriptions. Zootaxa 4382(2): 231-346.

Bonaldo, A. B., Saturnino, R., Ramírez, M. J. & Brescovit, A. D. (2012). A revision of the American spider genus Strotarchus Simon, 1888 (Araneae: Dionycha, Systariinae). Zootaxa 3363: 1-37.

Bond, J. E., Hendrixson, B. E., Hamilton, C. A. & Hedin, M. (2012b). A reconsideration of the classification of the spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Arachnida: Araneae) based on three nuclear genes and morphology. PLoS One 7(6, e38753): 1-11.

Bond, J. E. & Lamb, T. (2019). A new species of Pionothele from Gobabeb, Namibia (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Nemesiidae). ZooKeys 851: 17-25.

Bond, J. E. & Platnick, N. I. (2007). A taxonomic review of the trapdoor spider genus Myrmekiaphila (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae). American Museum Novitates 3596: 1-30.

Bosmans, R. & Hillyard, P. (1990). Spiders of the family Zodariidae from Sulawesi, Indonesia (Arachnida: Araneae: Zodariidae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 8: 147-160.

Bosselaers, J. (2024). A revision of the genus Coryssiphus Simon, 1903, with its transfer to Systariinae (Araneae: Miturgidae). Zootaxa 5415(1): 153-168.

Bosselaers, J. & Jocqué, R. (2000a). Hortipes, a huge genus of tiny Afrotropical spiders (Araneae, Liocranidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 256: 1-108.

Bosselaers, J. & Jocqué, R. (2000b). Studies in Corinnidae: transfer of four genera and description of the female of Lessertina mutica Lawrence 1942. Tropical Zoology 13(2): 305-325.

Bosselaers, J. & Jocqué, R. (2002). Studies in Corinnidae: cladistic analysis of 38 corinnid and liocranid genera, and transfer of Phrurolithinae. Zoologica Scripta 31(3): 241-270.

Bosselaers, J. & Jocqué, R. (2022). Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78.

Bosselaers, J. & Jocqué, R. (2013). Studies in Liocranidae (Araneae): a new afrotopical genus featuring a synapomorphy for the Cybaeodinae. European Journal of Taxonomy 40: 1-49.

Brescovit, A. D., Lucas, S. M., Marques-da-Silva, E., Sherwood, D. & Silvério, H. F. (2023). First description of the female of Psalistopoides fulvimanus Mello-Leitão, 1934 (Araneae: Pycnothelidae). Arachnology 19(5): 802-804.

Brescovit, A. D. & Sánchez-Ruiz, A. (2016). Descriptions of two new genera of the spider family Caponiidae (Arachnida, Araneae) and an update of Tisentnops and Taintnops from Brazil and Chile. ZooKeys 622: 47-88.

Brescovit, A. D., Zampaulo, R. de A., Cizauskas, I. & Pedroso, L. (2022). Three new subterranean species of the genus Speocera (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from caves of the Carajás area in the state of Pará, Brazil. Zootaxa 5169(2): 101-135.

Brescovit, A. D., Zampaulo, R. de A., Pedroso, L. M. & Cizauskas, I. (2021). Four new species of the genus Ochyrocera (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from iron caves of the state of Minas Gerais, with the description of the third anophtalmic species from Brazil. Subterranean Biology 41: 63-68.

Canard, A. (2018). Une nouvelle espèce de Mygale (Araneae, Ctenizidae): Cteniza genevieveae n. sp. (♀) découverte au sud de la Corse. Revue Arachnologique (2) 5: 30-35.

Caporiacco, L. di (1936b). Aracnidi fezzanesi raccolti dal Prof. G. Scortecci nel 1934 - XII (Missione della R. Società Geografica). Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 75: 67-94.

Castalanelli, M. A., Huey, J. A., Hillyer, M. J. & Harvey, M. S. (2017). Molecular and morphological evidence for a new genus of small trapdoor spiders from arid Western Australia (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae: Anaminae). Invertebrate Systematics 31(4): 492-505.

Castellucci, F., Schifani, E., García, F., Luchetti, A. & Scharff, N. (2023). First record of the genus Thyreosthenius (Araneae: Linyphiidae) from the Iberian Peninsula with notes on the host preference of the myrmecophilic T. biovatus. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 65: 27-30.

Chamberland, L., Agnarsson, I., Quayle, I. L., Ruddy, T., Starrett, J. & Bond, J. E. (2022). Biogeography and eye size evolution of the ogre‑faced spiders. Scientific Reports 12(17769): 1-15.

Chang, W.-J., Li, F. Y. & Li, S. Q. (2019c). On the genera Qiongocera and Relictocera (Araneae, Psilodercidae) from Southeast Asia. ZooKeys 862: 61-79.

Chang, W.-J. & Li, S. Q. (2020b). Thirty-one new species of the spider genus Leclercera from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Psilodercidae). ZooKeys 913: 1-87.

Cheng, D.-Q. & Piel, W. H. (2018). The origins of the Psechridae: web-building lycosoid spiders. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 125: 213-219.

Chu, C., Yao, Z. Y., Wongprom, P. & Li, S. Q. (2022a). Changminia gen. nov., a new genus of daddy-long-leg spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) from karst caves in Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 5092(2): 238-246.

Coddington, J. A. (1986). The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 422: 1-96.

Coddington, J. A., Kuntner, M. & Opell, B. D. (2012). Systematics of the spider family Deinopidae with a revision of the genus Menneus. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 636: 1-61.

Cooke, J. A. L. (1964). A revisionary study of some spiders of the rare family Prodidomidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 142(2): 257-305.

Coyle, F. A. (1971). Systematics and natural history of the mygalomorph spider genus Antrodiaetus and related genera (Araneae: Antrodiaetidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 141(6): 269-402.

Crews, S. C., Galvis, W. & Esposito, L. A. (2021). Gliding canopy flatties and relatives from the Selenops banksi group (Araneae: Selenopidae). Journal of Natural History 54(35-36, 2020): 2343-2365.

Crews, S. C., Garcia, E. L., Spagna, J. C., Van Dam, M. H. & Esposito, L. A. (2020). The life aquatic with spiders (Araneae): repeated evolution of aquatic habitat association in Dictynidae and allied taxa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189(3): 862-920 & Suppl.

Crews, S. C. & Harvey, M. S. (2011). The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental region. ZooKeys 99: 1-103.

Dankittipakul, P. & Zhang, Z. S. (2008). Acutipetala gen. nov., a new genus of funnel-web spiders from northern Thailand (Araneae, Agelenidae). Zoological Science 25: 546-553.

Davies, V. T. (1988b). An illustrated guide to the genera of orb-weaving spiders in Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 25: 273-332.

Davies, V. T. (1990). Two new spider genera (Araneae: Amaurobiidae) from rainforests of Australia. Acta Zoologica Fennica 190: 95-102.

Davies, V. T. (1993). A new spider genus (Araneae: Amaurobioidea) from rainforests of Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 33: 483-489.

Davies, V. T. (1995a). A tiny litter spider (Araneae: Amaurobioidea) from Australian rainforests. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 52: 119-129.

Davies, V. T. (1995b). A tiny cribellate spider, Jamara gen. nov. (Araneae: Amaurobioidea: Midgeeinae) from northern Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 38: 93-96.

Davies, V. T. (1995c). A new spider genus (Araneae: Amaurobioidea: Amphinectidae) from the wet tropics of Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 38: 463-469.

Davies, V. T. (1998b). A redescription and renaming of the Tasmanian spider Amphinecta milvina (Simon, 1903), with descriptions of four new species (Araneae: Amaurobioidea: Amaurobiidae). In: Selden, P. A. (ed.) Proceedings of the 17th European Colloquium of Arachnology, Edinburgh 1997. Edinburgh, pp. 67-82.

Davies, V. T. (1999). Carbinea, a new spider genus from north Queensland, Australia (Araneae, Amaurobioidea, Kababininae). Journal of Arachnology 27: 25-36.

Davies, V. T. (2002). Tasmabrochus, a new spider genus from Tasmania, Australia (Araneae, Amphinectidae, Tasmarubriinae). Journal of Arachnology 30: 219-226.

Davies, V. T. (2003a). Barahna, a new spider genus from eastern Australia (Araneae: Amaurobioidea). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 49: 237-250.

Davies, V. T. & Lambkin, C. L. (2000a). Malarina, a new spider genus (Araneae: Amaurobioidea: Kababinae) from the wet tropics of Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 45: 273-283.

Davies, V. T. & Lambkin, C. L. (2000b). Wabua, a new spider genus (Araneae: Amaurobioidea: Kababinae) from north Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 46: 129-147.

Davies, V. T. & Lambkin, C. (2001). A revision of Procambridgea Forster & Wilton, (Araneae: Amaurobioidea: Stiphidiidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 46: 443-459.

Decae, A. E. & Bosmans, R. (2014). Synonymy of the trapdoor spider genera Cyrtauchenius Thorell, 1869 and Amblyocarenum Simon, 1892 reconsidered (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae). Arachnology 16(5): 182-192.

Decae, A. & Cardoso, P. (2006). Iberesia, a new genus of trapdoor spiders (Araneae, Nemesiidae) from Portugal & Spain. Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 12: 3-11.

Decae, A., Mammola, S., Rizzo, P. & Isaia, M. (2019). Systematics, ecology and distribution of the mygalomorph spider genus Cteniza Latreille, 1829 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae). Zootaxa 4550(4): 499-524.

Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L. (1995d). The Ochyroceratidae of the Indo-Pacific region (Araneae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 2: 1-103.

Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L. (2009a). Description of the lynx spiders of a canopy fogging project in northern Borneo (Araneae: Oxyopidae), with description of a new genus and six new species of Hamataliwa. Zoologische Mededelingen 83: 673-700.

Dimitrov, D., Benavides, L. R., Arnedo, M. A., Giribet, G., Griswold, C. E., Scharff, N. & Hormiga, G. (2017). Rounding up the usual suspects: a standard target-gene approach for resolving the interfamilial phylogenetic relationships of ecribellate orb-weaving spiders with a new family-rank classification (Araneae, Araneoidea). Cladistics 33(3): 221-250 & Suppl.

Dimitrov, D. & Zonstein, S. (2022). A taxonomic contribution to the genus Brachythele Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae, Nemesiidae) with a description of a new species from Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria. Zootaxa 5159(4): 583-592.

Dondale, C. D. (1967). Sexual behavior and the classification of the Philodromus rufus complex in North America (Araneida: Thomisidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 45(4): 453-459.

Dupérré, N. & Harms, D. (2018). Raising the dead: rediscovery and redescription of some lost spider types (Araneae) described by Eugène Simon. Evolutionary Systematics 2: 1-20.

Emerit, M. (1994). Nouvelle contribution à l'étude des gastéracanthes de Madagascar: le genre Parmatergus (Araneidae, Gasteracanthinae). Revue Arachnologique 10: 155-170.

Engelbrecht, I. & Prendini, L. (2012). Cryptic diversity of South African trapdoor spiders: three new species of Stasimopus Simon, 1892 (Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae), and redescription of Stasimopus robertsi Hewitt, 1910. American Museum Novitates 3732: 1-42.

Eskov, K. Y. & Marusik, Y. M. (2023). "Morphological" and "molecular" systems of araneoids: an attempt at harmonization with a subsequent testing of the obtained cladogram using web-building characters (Aranei: Araneoidea). Arthropoda Selecta 32(3): 337-356.

Feng, C. C. & Lin, Y. C. (2019). Three new species of the genus Coddingtonia from Asia (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae). ZooKeys 886: 113-126.

Ferretti, N. E., Ríos-Tamayo, D. & Goloboff, P. A. (2019). Four new species of Goloboffia (Mygalomorphae: Migidae) from Chile. Zootaxa 4712(2): 251-268.

Foord, S. H. (2008). Cladistic analysis of the Afrotropical Hersiliidae (Arachnida, Araneae) with the first records of Murricia and the description of a new genus from Madagascar. Journal of Afrotropical Zoology 4: 111-142.

Forster, R. R. (1955c). Spiders from the subantarctic islands of New Zealand. Records of the Dominion Museum, Wellington 2: 167-203.

Forster, R. R. (1964a). The spider family Toxopidae (Araneae). Annals of the Natal Museum 16: 113-151.

Forster, R. R. (1964b). The Araneae and Opiliones of the subantarctic islands of New Zealand. Pacific Insects Monographs 7: 58-115.

Forster, R. R. (1970b). The spiders of New Zealand. Part III. Otago Museum Bulletin 3: 1-184.

Forster, R. R. (1979). The spiders of New Zealand. Part V. Cycloctenidae, Gnaphosidae, Clubionidae. Otago Museum Bulletin 5: 1-95.

Forster, R. R. & Gray, M. R. (1979). Progradungula, a new cribellate genus of the spider family Gradungulidae (Araneae). Australian Journal of Zoology 27(6): 1051-1071.

Forster, R. R. & Platnick, N. I. (1984). A review of the archaeid spiders and their relatives, with notes on the limits of the superfamily Palpimanoidea (Arachnida, Araneae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 178: 1-106.

Forster, R. R. & Platnick, N. I. (1985). A review of the austral spider family Orsolobidae (Arachnida, Araneae), with notes on the superfamily Dysderoidea. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 181: 1-230.

Forster, R. R., Platnick, N. I. & Gray, M. R. (1987). A review of the spider superfamilies Hypochiloidea and Austrochiloidea (Araneae, Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 185: 1-116.

Forster, R. R., Platnick, N. I. & Coddington, J. (1990). A proposal and review of the spider family Synotaxidae (Araneae, Araneoidea), with notes on theridiid interrelationships. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 193: 1-116.

Forster, R. R. & Wilton, C. L. (1973). The spiders of New Zealand. Part IV. Otago Museum Bulletin 4: 1-309.

Framenau, V. W. (2023). A new species in the ground spider genus Austrammo from Barrow Island, Western Australia (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). Australian Journal of Taxonomy 27: 1-6.

Framenau, V. W., Scharff, N. & Harvey, M. S. (2010). Systematics of the Australian orb-weaving spider genus Demadiana with comments on the generic classification of the Arkyinae (Araneae: Araneidae). Invertebrate Systematics 24(2): 139-171.

Gertsch, W. J. (1958d). The spider family Plectreuridae. American Museum Novitates 1920: 1-53.

Gertsch, W. J. (1982a). The troglobitic mygalomorphs of the Americas (Arachnida, Araneae). Association for Mexican Cave Studies Bulletin 8: 79-94.

Gertsch, W. J. (1984). The spider family Nesticidae (Araneae) in North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Bulletin of the Texas Memorial Museum 31: 1-91.

Gertsch, W. J. & Platnick, N. I. (1979). A revision of the spider family Mecicobothriidae (Araneae, Mygalomorphae). American Museum Novitates 2687: 1-32.

Gertsch, W. J. & Platnick, N. I. (1980). A revision of the American spiders of the family Atypidae (Araneae, Mygalomorphae). American Museum Novitates 2704: 1-39.

Godwin, R. L., Opatova, V., Garrison, N. L., Hamilton, C. A. & Bond, J. E. (2018). Phylogeny of a cosmopolitan family of morphologically conserved trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae) using Anchored Hybrid Enrichment, with a description of the family, Halonoproctidae Pocock 1901. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 126: 303-313.

Godwin, R. L. & Bond, J. E. (2021). Taxonomic revision of the New World members of the trapdoor spider genus Ummidia Thorell (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae). ZooKeys 1027: 1-65.

Goloboff, P. A. (1993). A reanalysis of mygalomorph spider families (Araneae). American Museum Novitates 3056: 1-32.

Goloboff, P. A. (1995). A revision of the South American spiders of the family Nemesiidae (Araneae, Mygalomorphae). Part I: species from Peru, Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 224: 1-189.

Goloboff-Szumik, V. E. & Ríos-Tamayo, D. (2022). Description of the female of Melloina gracilis (Schenkel, 1953) (Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) with comments on the familial placement of Melloina. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Nueva Serie 24(2): 249-255.

Gonzalez-Filho, H. M. O., Guadanucci, J. P. L. & Brescovit, A. D. (2023). On the genus Ammonius Thorell, 1899 (Mygalomorphae, Barychelidae): description of the female of A. pupulus, a new species and new distribution records. European Journal of Taxonomy 861: 113-131.

González Márquez, M. E., Grismado, C. J. & Ramírez, M. J. (2021). A taxonomic revision of the spider genus Meriola Banks (Araneae: Trachelidae). Zootaxa 4936(1): 1-113.

Gorneau, J. A., Crews, S. C., Cala-Riquelme, F., Montana, K. O., Spagna, J. C., Ballarin, F., Almeida-Silva, L. M. & Esposito, L. A. (2023). Webs of intrigue: museum genomics elucidate relationships of the marronoid spider clade (Araneae). Insect Systematics and Diversity 7(5, 5): 1-18.

Gorneau, J. A., Rheims, C. A., Moreau, C. S. & Rayor, L. S. (2022). Huntsman spider phylogeny informs evolution of life history, egg sacs, and morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 174(107530): 1-15.

Gray, M. R. (1982). A revision of the spider genus Baiami Lehtinen (Araneae, Amaurobioidea). Records of the Australian Museum 33(18, 1981): 779-802.

Gray, M. R. (1992a). The troglobitic spider genus Tartarus Gray with a cladistic analysis of Tartarus and Baiami Lehtinen (Araneae: Stiphidiidae). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 113: 165-173.

Gray, M. R. (1992b). New desid spiders (Araneae: Desidae) from New Caledonia and eastern Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 44: 253-262.

Gray, M. R. (2010). A revision of the Australian funnel-web spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae). Records of the Australian Museum 62: 285-392.

Gray, M. R. & Smith, H. M. (2002). Therlinya, a new genus of spiders from eastern Australia (Araneae: Amaurobioidea). Records of the Australian Museum 54: 293-312.

Gray, M. R. & Smith, H. M. (2004). The "striped" group of stiphidiid spiders: two new genera from northeastern New South Wales, Australia (Araneae: Stiphidiidae: Amaurobioidea). Records of the Australian Museum 56: 123-138.

Gray, M. R. & Smith, H. M. (2008). A new subfamily of spiders with grate-shaped tapeta from Australia and Papua New Guinea (Araneae: Stiphidiidae: Borralinae). Records of the Australian Museum 60: 13-44.

Grismado, C. J. & Rubio, G. D. (2015). Three new species and the first known males of the Andean spider genus Orinomana Strand (Araneae, Uloboridae). Zootaxa 4052(2): 201-214.

Griswold, C. E. (1990). A revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider subfamily Phyxelidinae (Araneae, Amaurobiidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 196: 1-206.

Griswold, C. E. (2001). A monograph of the living world genera and Afrotropical species of cyatholipid spiders (Araneae, Orbiculariae, Araneoidea, Cyatholipidae). Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences 26: 1-251.

Griswold, C. E., Audisio, T. & Ledford, J. M. (2012). An extraordinary new family of spiders from caves in the Pacific Northwest (Araneae, Trogloraptoridae, new family). ZooKeys 215: 77-102.

Griswold, C. E. & Ledford, J. (2001). A monograph of the migid trap door spiders of Madagascar and review of the world genera (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Migidae). Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 151: 1-120.

Griswold, C. E., Ramírez, M. J., Coddington, J. A. & Platnick, N. I. (2005). Atlas of phylogenetic data for entelegyne spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae: Entelegynae) with comments on their phylogeny. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 56(Suppl. II): 1-324.

Griswold, C., Ubick, D., Ledford, J. & Polotow, D. (2022). A revision of the Malagasy crack-leg spiders of the genus Uduba Simon 1880 (Araneae, Udubidae), with description of 35 new species from Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (4) 67(Supplement 2): 1-193.

Griswold, C. E., Wood, H. M. & Carmichael, A. D. (2012). The lace web spiders (Araneae, Phyxelididae) of Madagascar: phylogeny, biogeography and taxonomy. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164(4): 728-810.

Haddad, C. R. (2009). Vendaphaea, a new dark sac spider genus apparently endemic to the Soutpansberg Mountains, South Africa (Araneae: Corinnidae). African Invertebrates 50: 269-278.

Haddad, C. R. (2013b). Taxonomic notes on the spider genus Messapus Simon, 1898 (Araneae, Corinnidae), with the description of the new genera Copuetta and Wasaka and the first cladistic analysis of Afrotropical Castianeirinae. Zootaxa 3688: 1-79.

Haddad, C. R. (2021a). Griswoldella gen. nov., a new castianeirine spider genus from Madagascar (Araneae: Corinnidae). Arachnology 18(8): 859-866.

Harvey, M. S. (1995). The systematics of the spider family Nicodamidae (Araneae: Amaurobioidea). Invertebrate Taxonomy 9(2): 279-386.

Harvey, M. S., Hillyer, M. J., Main, B. Y., Moulds, T. A., Raven, R. J., Rix, M. G., Vink, C. J. & Huey, J. A. (2018). Phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian open-holed trapdoor spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae: Anaminae): multi-locus molecular analyses resolve the generic classification of a highly diverse fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184(2): 407-452.

Harvey, M. S., Rix, M. G., Hillyer, M. J. & Huey, J. A. (2020a). The systematics and phylogenetic position of the troglobitic Australian spider genus Troglodiplura (Araneae: Mygalomorphae), with a new classification for Anamidae. Invertebrate Systematics 34(8): 799-822.

Haupt, J. (2003). The Mesothelae -- a monograph of an exceptional group of spiders (Aaneae: Mesothelae): (Morphology, behaviour, ecology, taxonomy, distribution and phylogeny). Zoologica 154: 1-102.

Hedin, M., Derkarabetian, S., Alfaro, A., Ramírez, M. J. & Bond, J. E. (2019). Phylogenomic analysis and revised classification of atypoid mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), with notes on arachnid ultraconserved element loci. PeerJ 7(e6864): 1-24.

Hedin, M., Derkarabetian, S., Ramírez, M. J., Vink, C. & Bond, J. E. (2018a). Phylogenomic reclassification of the world’s most venomous spiders (Mygalomorphae, Atracinae), with implications for venom evolution. Scientific Reports 8(1636): 1-7.

Heiss, J. S. & Draney, M. L. (2004). Revision of the Nearctic spider genus Calymmaria (Araneae, Hahniidae). Journal of Arachnology 32(3): 457-525.

Hickman, V. V. (1976). On Paraplectanoides crassipes Keyserling (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 3(6, for 1975): 166-174.

Hill, D. E., Abhijith, A. P. C., Krishna, P. & Ramesh, S. (2019). Construction of orb webs as nocturnal retreats by jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: cf. Anarrhotus) in southwestern India. Peckhamia 182.2: 1-13.

Hoang, Q. D., Wang, L. Y., Irfan, M., Nguyen, A. D., Tran, T. M. H., Tran, D. M. & Zhang, Z. S. (2022). Notes on two genera of the jumping spiders, Anarrhotus Simon, 1902 and Pancorius Simon, 1902 (Aranei: Salticidae) in Vietnam, with description of a new species. Arthropoda Selecta 31(4): 477-485.

Hoffman, R. L. (2010). Purse-web spiders, genus Sphodros, in Virginia (Mygalomorphae: Atypidae). Banisteria 36: 31-38.

Hogg, H. R. (1904). On a new genus of spiders from Bounty Island with remarks on a species of N. Zealand. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 13(73): 65-70.

Hormiga, G. (1993). Implications of the phylogeny of Pimoidae for the systematics of linyphiid spiders (Araneae, Araneoidea, Linyphiidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 33: 533-542.

Hormiga, G., Kulkarni, S., Arnedo, M. A., Dimitrov, D., Giribet, G., Kallal, R. J. & Scharff, N. (2023). Genitalic morphology and phylogenomic placement of the Australian spider Paraplectanoides crassipes Keyserling, 1886 (Araneae, Araneidae) with a discussion on the classification of the family Araneidae. Invertebrate Systematics 37(12): 797-818.

Hormiga, G., Kulkarni, S., Moreira, T. da Silva & Dimitrov, D. (2021). Molecular phylogeny of pimoid spiders and the limits of Linyphiidae, with a reassessment of male palpal homologies (Araneae, Pimoidae). Zootaxa 5026(1): 71-101.

Humphrey, M. (2017). A revision and cladistic analysis of the genus Corasoides Butler (Araneae: Desidae) with descriptions of nine new species. Records of the Australian Museum 69(1): 15-64.

Indicatti, R. P. & Lucas, S. M. (2005). Description of a new genus of Nemesiidae (Araneae, Mygalomorphae) from the Brazilian Cerrado. Zootaxa 1088: 11-16.

Indicatti, R. P., Chavari, J. L., Zucatelli-Júnior, M., Lucas, S. M. & Brescovit, A. D. (2017). Six new species of silk-lined burrow spider genus Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 (Araneae, Nemesiidae) from southern Brazil. Zootaxa 4254(4): 435-456.

Indicatti, R. P., Lucas, S. M. & Brescovit, A. D. (2007). A new species of the spider genus Xenonemesia Goloboff and first record of X. platensis Goloboff from Brazil (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Microstimatidae). Zootaxa 1485: 43-49.

Jäger, P. (2018b). On the genus Systaria (Araneae: Clubionidae) in Southeast Asia: new species from caves and forests. Zootaxa 4504(4): 524-544.

Jäger, P. (2022b). Otacilia tham spec. nov. and O. saszykaska spec. nov. from Laos, the first two cave-dwelling guardstone spiders (Arachnida: Araneae: Phrurolithidae). Acta Arachnologica 71(2): 147-155.

Jäger, P. & Kunz, D. (2005). An illustrated key to genera of African huntsman spiders (Arachnida, Araneae, Sparassidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85(2): 163-213.

Jocqué, R. (1991a). A generic revision of the spider family Zodariidae (Araneae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 201: 1-160.

Jocqué, R. (1994b). Halidae, a new spider family from Madagascar (Araneae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 9(9): 281-289.

Jocqué, R. (2001). Chummidae, a new spider family (Arachnida, Araneae) from South Africa. Journal of Zoology, London 254(4): 481-493.

Jocqué, R. & Alderweireldt, M. (2018). New Chummidae (Araneae): quadrupling the size of the clade. European Journal of Taxonomy 412: 1-25.

Kaderka, R., Bulantová, J., Heneberg, P. & Řezáč, M. (2019). Urticating setae of tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae): morphology, revision of typology and terminology and implications for taxonomy. PLoS One 14(11, e0224384): 1-43.

Kim, S. T. & Lee, S. Y. (2018c). Spiders IV. Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Atypidae, Scytodidae, Nesticidae, Anapidae, Ctenidae, Hahniidae, Miturgidae, Liocranidae, Trochanteriidae. Invertebrate Fauna of Korea 21(45): 1-79.

Kranz-Baltensperger, Y., Platnick, N. I. & Dupérré, N. (2009). A new genus of the spider family Caponiidae (Araneae, Haplogynae) from Iran. American Museum Novitates 3656: 1-12.

Kropf, C., Blick, T., Brescovit, A. D., Chatzaki, M., Dupérré, N., Gloor, D., Haddad, C. R., Harvey, M. S., Jäger, P., Marusik, Y. M., Ono, H., Rheims, C. A. & Nentwig, W. (2019). How not to delimit taxa: a critique on a recently proposed “pragmatic classification” of jumping spiders (Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa 4545(3): 444-446.

Kulkarni, S. & Hormiga, G. (2021). Hooroo mates! Phylogenomic data suggest that the closest relatives of the iconic Tasmanian cave spider Hickmania troglodytes are in Australia and New Zealand, not in South America. Invertebrate Systematics 35(8): 850-856.

Kulkarni, S., Wood, H. M. & Hormiga, G. (2023). Advances in the reconstruction of the spider tree of life: a roadmap for spider systematics and comparative studies. Cladistics 39(6): 479-532.

Kunsete, C., Sivayyapram, V., Traiyasut, P., Thanoosing, C., Khamwan, K. & Warrit, N. (2020). Records and redescription of a mygalomorph spider genus ignored for over 100 years with a new species: the genus Atmetochilus Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Nemesiidae) in Thailand. Zootaxa 4819(3): 521-543.

Kunt, K. B., Elverici, M., Yağmur, E. A. & Özkütük, R. S. (2019). Kut gen. nov., a new troglomorphic spider genus from Turkey (Araneae, Dysderidae). Subterranean Biology 32: 95-109.

Kuntner, M. (2002). The placement of Perilla (Araneae, Araneidae) with comments on araneid phylogeny. Journal of Arachnology 30: 281-287.

Kuntner, M., Čandek, K., Gregorič, M., Turk, E., Hamilton, C. A., Chamberland, L., Starrett, J., Cheng, R. C., Coddington, J. A., Agnarsson, I. & Bond, J. E. (2023). Increasing information content and diagnosability in family-level classifications. Systematic Biology 72(4): 964-971.

Labarque, F. M. & Ramírez, M. J. (2012). The placement of the spider genus Periegops and the phylogeny of Scytodoidea (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Zootaxa 3312: 1-44.

Labarque, F. M., Pérez-González, A. & Griswold, C. E. (2018). Molecular phylogeny and revision of the false violin spiders (Araneae: Drymusidae) of Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183(2): 390-430.

Lecigne, S. & Moutaouakil, S. (2021). First description of the male of Agraecina agadirensis (Araneae: Liocranidae), an eyeless spider from the Moroccan High Atlas. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 62: 86-89.

Lehtinen, P. T. (1967). Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici 4: 199-468.

Lehtinen, P. T. (1981). Spiders of the Oriental-Australian region. III. Tetrablemmidae, with a world revision. Acta Zoologica Fennica 162: 1-151.

Levi, H. W. (2002). Keys to the genera of araneid orbweavers (Araneae, Araneidae) of the Americas. Journal of Arachnology 30(3): 527-562.

Levi, H. W. (2009). A new araneid genus from the Galapagos Islands (Araneae: Araneidae). Contributions to Natural History 12: 893-898.

Li, F. Y., Liu, C. & Li, S. Q. (2018). Ten new species of the spider genus Althepus Thorell, 1898 from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae). ZooKeys 776: 27-60.

Li, S. Q. & Wang, X. X. (2017). New cave-dwelling spiders of the family Dictynidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Guangxi and Guizhou, China. Zoological Systematics 42(2): 125-228.

Li, J. N., Yan, X. Y., Lin, Y. J., Li, S. Q. & Che, H. F. (2021b). Challenging Wallacean and Linnean shortfalls: Ectatosticta spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae) from China. Zoological Research 42(6): 792-795, Suppl. 1-33.

Li, B., Zhao, Z., Chen, Y. X., Chen, H. F., Wu, Z. Y. & Li, S. Q. (2019f). Vappolotes, a new genus of coelotine spiders (Araneae, Agelenidae) from Guizhou, China. Zootaxa 4701(5): 434-442.

Li, B., Zhao, Z., Okumura, K. I., Meng, K., Li, S. Q. & Chen, H. F. (2023c). Yunguirius gen. nov., a new genus of Coelotinae (Araneae, Agelenidae) spiders from southwest China. ZooKeys 1159: 51-67.

Lin, Y. C., Ballarin, F. & Li, S. Q. (2016). A survey of the spider family Nesticidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Asia and Madagascar, with the description of forty-three new species. ZooKeys 627: 1-168.

Lin, Y. C. & Li, S. Q. (2014a). New cave-dwelling armored spiders (Araneae, Tetrablemmidae) from Southwest China. ZooKeys 388: 35-67.

Lin, Y. C. & Li, S. Q. (2022b). Chimena gen. nov., a new spider genus (Araneae, Mysmenidae) from China, with descriptions of two new species and a new combination. ZooKeys 1125: 69-86.

Lin, Y. J. & Li, S. Q. (2021). Four new species of the genus Ectatosticta (Araneae, Hypochilidae) from China. Acta Arachnologica Sinica 30(1): 1-8.

Lin, Y. J., Li, S. Q., Mo, H. L. & Wang, X. H. (2024). Thirty-eight spider species (Arachnida: Araneae) from China, Indonesia, Japan and Vietnam. Zoological Systematics 49(1): 4-98.

Lin, Y. J., Li, S. Q. & Pham, D. S. (2023). Taxonomic notes on some spider species (Arachnida: Araneae) from China and Vietnam. Zoological Systematics 48(1): 1-99.

Lin, Y. J., Zhao, H. F., Koh, J. K. H. & Li, S. Q. (2022c). Taxonomy notes on twenty-eight spider species (Arachnida: Araneae) from Asia. Zoological Systematics 47(3): 198-270.

Liu, J., Li, S. Q. & Pham, D. S. (2010b). Caponiidae (Arachnida, Araneae), a newly recorded family from Vietnam. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 35: 20-26.

Liu, C., Li, F. Y., Li, S. Q. & Zheng, G. (2017a). Five new genera of the subfamily Psilodercinae (Araneae: Ochyroceratidae) from Southeast Asia. Zoological Systematics 42(4): 395-417.

Liu, B. & Zhang, F. (2024a). Hotwheels gen. nov., a new ground spider genus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 1189: 337-347.

Logunov, D. V. (2014b). Description of a new species of Uroballus Simon, 1902 (Araneae: Salticidae) from Malaysia, with the longest spinnerets of any known jumping spider. Zootaxa 3894(1): 183-187.

Logunov, D. V. (2022a). John Alan Murphy (1922–2021) and his contribution to arachnology. Arachnology 19(Special Issue): 77-103.

Lopardo, L. & Hormiga, G. (2015). Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173(3): 527-786.

Lotz, L. N. (1996b). Afrotropical Archaeidae (Araneae): 1. New species of Afrarchaea with notes on Afrarchaea godfreyi (Hewitt, 1919). Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein 12: 141-160.

Lotz, L. N. (2006). Afrotropical Archaeidae: 3. The female of Eriauchenius cornutus and new species of Afrarchaea (Arachnida: Araneae) from South Africa. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein 22: 113-126.

Lu, Y., Chu, C., Lin, Z. X., Pham, D. S., Li, S. Q. & Yao, Z. Y. (2023b). Two new genera and five new species of Corinnidae Karsch, 1880 (Arachnida, Araneae) from China and Vietnam. ZooKeys 1165: 17-42.

Lüddecke, T., Krehenwinkel, H., Canning, G., Glaw, F., Longhorn, S. J., Tänzler, R., Wendt, I. & Vences, M. (2018). Discovering the silk road: Nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data resolve the phylogenetic relationships among theraphosid spider subfamilies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 119: 63-70.

Luis de la Iglesia, J. A., García, M. C., Pérez, C. P. & Baltanás, R. M. (2021). Iberesia castillana (Frade & Bacelar, 1931), redescription of the male, first description of the female, and a key to the presently known species of genus Iberesia (Araneae, Nemesiidae). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 38: 163-185.

Magalhaes, I. L. F., Brescovit, A. D. & Santos, A. J. (2017). Phylogeny of Sicariidae spiders (Araneae: Haplogynae), with a monograph on Neotropical Sicarius. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179(4): 767-864.

Magalhaes, I. L. F., Porta, A. O., Wunderlich, J., Proud, D. N., Ramírez, M. J. & Pérez-González, A. (2021). Taxonomic revision of fossil Psilodercidae and Ochyroceratidae spiders (Araneae: Synspermiata), with a new species of Priscaleclercera from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, northern Myanmar. Cretaceous Research 121(104751): 1-17.

Magalhaes, I. L. F. & Ramírez, M. J. (2022). Phylogeny and biogeography of the ancient spider family Filistatidae (Araneae) is consistent both with long-distance dispersal and vicariance following continental drift. Cladistics 38(5): 538-562.

Main, B. Y. & Framenau, V. W. (2009). A new genus of mygalomorph spider from the Great Victoria Desert and neighbouring arid country in south-eastern Western Australia (Araneae: Nemesiidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 25(3): 277-285.

Marques, M. A. L. & Buckup, E. H. (1993). Novas espécies de Tekellina do Brasil (Araneae, Theridiidae). Iheringia (Zool.) 74: 125-132.

Marusik, Y. M. & Fet, V. (2009). A survey of east Palearctic Hersiliola Thorell, 1870 (Araneae, Hersiliidae), with a description of three new genera. ZooKeys 16: 75-114.

Marusik, Y. M. & Zonstein, S. L. (2018). Notes on the spider genus Steriphopus (Araneae: Palpimanidae), with redescription of the type species. Arachnology 17(9): 491-496.

Marusik, Y. M., Zonstein, S. L. & Koponen, S. (2023). First description of Cedicoides pavlovskyi female (Aranei: Trionycha) and comments on taxonomic placement of Cedicus and related genera. Arthropoda Selecta 32(1): 98-102.

Maya-Morales, J., Jiménez, M. L., Murugan, G. & Palacios-Cardiel, C. (2017). Four new genera of funnel-web spiders (Araneae: Agelenidae) from the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico. Journal of Arachnology 45(1): 30-66.

Mello-Leitão, C. F. de (1929d). Aphantochilidas e Thomisidas do Brasil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro 31: 9-359.

Mello-Leitão, C. F. de (1941c). Aranhas do Paraná. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, Sao Paolo 11: 235-257.

Mi, X. Q., Peng, X. J. & Yin, C. M. (2010c). Two new species of the rare orbweaving spider genus Deione (Araneae: Araneidae) from China. Zootaxa 2491: 34-40.

Michalik, P. & Hormiga, G. (2010). Ultrastructure of the spermatozoa in the spider genus Pimoa: new evidence for the monophyly of Pimoidae plus Linyphiidae (Arachnida: Araneae). American Museum Novitates 3682: 1-17.

Michalik, P., Kallal, R. J., Dederichs, T. M., Labarque, F. M., Hormiga, G., Giribet, G. & Ramírez, M. J. (2019). Phylogenomics and genital morphology of cave raptor spiders (Araneae, Trogloraptoridae) reveal an independent origin of a flow‐through female genital system. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 57(4): 737-747.

Michalik, P., Piacentini, L., Lipke, E. & Ramírez, M. J. (2013). The enigmatic Otway odd-clawed spider (Progradungula otwayensis Milledge, 1997, Gradungulidae, Araneae): natural history, first description of the female and micro-computed tomography of the male palpal organ. ZooKeys 335: 101-112.

Michalik, P. & Wunderlich, J. (2017). The spider genus Austrochilus Gertsch & Zapfe, 1955 (Araneae: Austrochilidae) — a new species from Chile and a documentation of the male genitalia of austrochilines. Zootaxa 4312(2): 323-332.

Miglio, L. T. & Bonaldo, A. B. (2011). On a second species of Envia Ott & Höfer, 2003 (Araneae, Microstigmatidae), with notes on the sympatric type species. Zootaxa 2971: 33-39.

Miglio, L. T., Pérez-Miles, F. & Bonaldo, A. B. (2020). Taxonomic revision of the spider genus Actinopus Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Actinopodidae). Megataxa 2(1): 1-256.

Miller, J. A. (2006). Web-sharing sociality and cooperative prey capture in a Malagasy spitting spider (Araneae: Scytodidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 57: 739-750.

Miller, J. A. (2007b). Synaphridae of Madagascar (Araneae: Araneoidea): a new family record for the Afrotropical region. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (4) 58(3): 21-48.

Miller, J. A., Carmichael, A., Ramírez, M. J., Spagna, J. C., Haddad, C. R., Řezáč, M., Johannesen, J., Král, J., Wang, X. P. & Griswold, C. E. (2010). Phylogeny of entelegyne spiders: affinities of the family Penestomidae (NEW RANK), generic phylogeny of Eresidae, and asymmetric rates of change in spinning organ evolution (Araneae, Araneoidea, Entelegynae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55: 786-804.

Miller, J. A., Griswold, C. E. & Haddad, C. R. (2010). Taxonomic revision of the spider family Penestomidae (Araneae, Entelegynae). Zootaxa 2534: 1-36.

Miller, J. A., Griswold, C. E., Scharff, N., Řezáč, M., Szűts, T. & Marhabaie, M. (2012). The velvet spiders: an atlas of the Eresidae (Arachnida, Araneae). ZooKeys 195: 1-144.

Mirshamsi, O., Zamani, A. & Marusik, Y. M. (2016). A survey of Hersiliidae (Arachnida: Araneae) of Iran with description of one new genus and two new species. Journal of Natural History 50(23-24): 1447-1461.

Mirza, Z. A. & Mondal, A. (2018). A new genus Gravelyia with two species of the family Nemesiidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) from India. Acta Arachnologica 67(1): 43-48.

Montes de Oca, L., Indicatti, R. P., Opatova, V., Almeida, M., Pérez-Miles, F. & Bond, J. E. (2022). Phylogenomic analysis, reclassification, and evolution of South American nemesioid burrowing mygalomorph spiders. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 168(107377): 1-19.

Mori, A. & Bertani, R. (2020). Revision and cladistic analysis of Psalistops Simon, 1889, Trichopelma Simon, 1888 and Cyrtogrammomma Pocock, 1895 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) based on a cladistic analysis of relationships of Theraphosidae, Barychelidae and Paratropididae. Zootaxa 4873(1): 1-132.

Morrill, E., Crews, S., Esposito, L., Ramírez, M. J. & Griswold, C. (2023). A revision of the genus Porteria and the phylogeny and biogeography of Porteriinae (Araneae: Desidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198(2): 368-461.

Mu, Y., Jin, C. & Zhang, F. (2019). A survey of Agroeca Westring, 1861 from China (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4615(1): 91-112.

Nascimento, D. L., Netto, R. G. & Indicatti, R. P. (2021). Neoichnology of mygalomorph spiders: improving the recognition of spider burrows in the geological record. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 108(103178): 1-16.

Opatova, V., Hamilton, C. A., Hedin, M., Montes de Oca, L., Král, J. & Bond, J. E. (2020). Phylogenetic systematics and evolution of the spider infraorder Mygalomorphae using genomic scale data. Systematic Biology 69(4): 671-707.

Ott, R. & Höfer, H. (2004). Envia garciai, a new genus and species of mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Microstigmatidae) from Brazilian Amazonia. Iheringia, Série Zoologia 93(4, 2003): 373-379. [publ. Mar. 17, 2004]

Özkütük, R. S., Elverici, M., Kunt, K. B. & Yağmur, E. A. (2013b). Faunistic notes on the cybaeid spiders of Turkey (Araneae: Cybaeidae). Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 7: 71-77.

Passanha, V. & Brescovit, A. D. (2018). On the Neotropical spider subfamily Masteriinae (Araneae, Dipluridae). Zootaxa 4463(1): 1-73.

Passanha, V., Cizauskas, I. & Brescovit, A. D. (2019). A new genus of Micromygalinae (Araneae, Microstigmatidae) from Brazil, with transfer of Masteria emboaba Pedroso, Baptista & Bertani, 2015 and description of six new species. ZooKeys 814: 1-32.

Perafán, C., Galvis, W. & Pérez-Miles, F. (2019). The first Paratropididae (Araneae, Mygalomorphae) from Colombia: new genus, species and records. ZooKeys 830: 1-31.

Pertegal, C., García, I. S., Molero-Baltanás, R. & Knapp, S. (2022). Description of a new trapdoor spider species from southern Spain that exhibits an as yet unknown defence strategy (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae). Bonn zoological Bulletin 71(2): 109-118.

Petrunkevitch, A. (1925b). Descriptions of new or inadequately-known American spiders. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 18(3): 313-322, pl. 20.

Pérez-Miles, F. (2020). Introduction to the Theraphosidae. In: Pérez-Miles, F. (ed.) New World Tarantulas. Zoological Monographs, 6, pp. 1-23.

Pérez-González, A., Rubio, G. D. & Ramírez, M. J. (2016). Insights on vulval morphology in Ochyroceratinae with a rediagnosis of the subfamily and description of the first Argentinean species (Araneae: Synspermiata: Ochyroceratidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 260: 33-44.

Piacentini, L. N. & Ramírez, M. J. (2019). Hunting the wolf: a molecular phylogeny of the wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 136: 227-240.

Platnick, N. I. (1985a). Studies on Malagasy spiders, 2. The family Trochanteriidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea), with a revision of the genus Platyoides. American Museum Novitates 2808: 1-17.

Platnick, N. I. (1989a). A revision of the spider genus Segestrioides (Araneae, Diguetidae). American Museum Novitates 2940: 1-9.

Platnick, N. I. (1990a). Spinneret morphology and the phylogeny of ground spiders (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea). American Museum Novitates 2978: 1-42.

Platnick, N. I. (1999). A revision of the Appalachian spider genus Liocranoides (Araneae: Tengellidae). American Museum Novitates 3285: 1-13.

Platnick, N. I. (2000a). A relimitation and revision of the Australasian ground spider family Lamponidae (Araneae: Gnaphosoidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 245: 1-330.

Platnick, N. I. (2002). A revision of the Australasian ground spiders of the families Ammoxenidae, Cithaeronidae, Gallieniellidae, and Trochanteriidae (Araneae: Gnaphosoidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 271: 1-243.

Platnick, N. I. (2004). On a third group of flattened ground spiders from Australia (Araneae, Lamponidae). American Museum Novitates 3462: 1-7.

Platnick, N. I. & Baehr, B. (2006). A revision of the Australasian ground spiders of the family Prodidomidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 298: 1-287.

Platnick, N. I. & Forster, R. R. (1982). On the Micromygalinae, a new subfamily of mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Microstigmatidae). American Museum Novitates 2734: 1-13.

Platnick, N. I. & Griffin, E. (1990). On Rastellus, a new genus of the spider family Ammoxenidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea). American Museum Novitates 2995: 1-11.

Platnick, N. I. & Shadab, M. U. (1976d). A revision of the mygalomorph spider genus Neocteniza (Araneae, Actinopodidae). American Museum Novitates 2603: 1-19.

Platnick, N. I. & Shadab, M. U. (1989). A review of the spider genus Teminius (Araneae, Miturgidae). American Museum Novitates 2963: 1-12.

Platnick, N. I. & Ubick, D. (2001). A revision of the North American spiders of the new genus Socalchemmis (Araneae, Tengellidae). American Museum Novitates 3339: 1-25.

Platnick, N. I. & Ubick, D. (2005). A revision of the North American spider genus Anachemmis Chamberlin (Araneae, Tengellidae). American Museum Novitates 3477: 1-20.

Platnick, N. I. & Ubick, D. (2007b). A revision of the spider genus Zorocrates Simon (Araneae, Zorocratidae). American Museum Novitates 3579: 1-44.

Platnick, N. I. & Ubick, D. (2008). A revision of the endemic Californian spider genus Titiotus Simon (Araneae, Tengellidae). American Museum Novitates 3608: 1-34.

Platnick, N. I., Coddington, J. A., Forster, R. R. & Griswold, C. E. (1991). Spinneret morphology and the phylogeny of haplogyne spiders (Araneae, Araneomorphae). American Museum Novitates 3016: 1-73.

Platnick, N. I., Abrahim, N., Álvarez-Padilla, F., Andriamalala, D., Baehr, B. C., Baert, L., Bonaldo, A. B., Brescovit, A. D., Chousou-Polydouri, N., Dupérré, N., Eichenberger, B., Fannes, W., Gaublomme, E., Gillespie, R., Grismado, C. J., Griswold, C. E., Harvey, M. S., Henrard, A., Hormiga, G., Izquierdo, M. A., Jocqué, R., Kranz-Baltensperger, Y., Kropf, C., Ott, R., Ramírez, M. J., Raven, R. J., Rheims, C. A., Ruiz, G. R. S., Santos, A. J., Saucedo, A., Sierwald, P., Szűts, T., Ubick, D. & Wang, X.-P. (2012a). Tarsal organ morphology and the phylogeny of goblin spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae), with notes on basal genera. American Museum Novitates 3736: 1-52.

Polotow, D. & Brescovit, A. D. (2014). Phylogenetic analysis of the tropical wolf spider subfamily Cteninae (Arachnida, Araneae, Ctenidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 170(2): 333-361.

Polotow, D., Carmichael, A. & Griswold, C. E. (2015). Total evidence analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of Lycosoidea spiders (Araneae, Entelegynae). Invertebrate Systematics 29(2): 124-163.

Polotow, D. & Griswold, C. (2017). Cleaning old cabinets: revealing the taxonomy of Sri Lankan wolf spiders (Araneae, Udubidae and Zoropsidae). Zootaxa 4362(1): 51-74.

Prado, A. W. do, Baptista, R. L. C., Schinelli, H. B. P. & Takiya, D. M. (2022). Solving a running crab spider puzzle: delimiting Cleocnemis Simon, 1886 with implications on the phylogeny and terminology of genital structures of Philodromidae. BMC Zoology 7(51): 1-35. [and Correction: BMC Zoology (2023) 8(2): 1-7.

Prószyński, J. (2017b). Pragmatic classification of the world's Salticidae (Araneae). Ecologica Montenegrina 12: 1-133.

Ramírez, M. J. (1995a). A phylogenetic analysis of the subfamilies of Anyphaenidae (Arachnida, Araneae). Entomologica Scandinavica 26(4): 361-384.

Ramírez, M. J. (2003). The spider subfamily Amaurobioidinae (Araneae, Anyphaenidae): a phylogenetic revision at the generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 277: 1-262.

Ramírez, M. J. (2014). The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 390: 1-374.

Ramírez, M. J., Grismado, C. J., Labarque, F. M., Izquierdo, M. A., Ledford, J. M., Miller, J. A., Haddad, C. R. & Griswold, C. E. (2014). The morphology and relationships of the walking mud spiders of the genus Cryptothele (Araneae: Zodariidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 253(5): 382-393.

Ramírez, M. J., Grismado, C. J., Ubick, D., Ovtcharenko, V. I., Cushing, P. E., Platnick, N. I., Wheeler, W. C., Prendini, L., Crowley, L. M. & Horner, N. V. (2019). Myrmecicultoridae, a new family of myrmecophilic spiders from the Chihuahuan Desert (Araneae, Entelegynae). American Museum Novitates 3930: 1-24.

Ramírez, M. J., Magalhaes, I. L. F., Pizarro-Araya, J., Ballarin, F., Marusik, Y. M. & Eskov, K. Y. (2022). A new species of the spider genus Tekellina Levi, 1957 from Chile, with a broadened definition of the family Synotaxidae (Arachnida, Araneae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 301: 76-90.

Raven, R. J. (1981c). A review of the Australian genera of the mygalomorph spider subfamily Diplurinae (Dipluridae: Chelicerata). Australian Journal of Zoology 29(3): 321-363.

Raven, R. J. (1985a). The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 182: 1-180.

Raven, R. J. (1987). A new mygalomorph spider genus from Mexico (Nemesiinae, Nemesiidae, Arachnida). Journal of Arachnology 14: 357-362.

Raven, R. J. (1999). Review of the mygalomorph genus Melloina Brignoli (Paratropididae: Araneae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 43: 819-825.

Raven, R. J. (2008b). Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: III. Tuxoctenus gen. nov. (Araneomorphae: Zoridae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 24: 351-361.

Raven, R. J. (2009). Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae). Zootaxa 2035: 1-40.

Raven, R. J. (2015). A revision of ant-mimicking spiders of the family Corinnidae (Araneae) in the Western Pacific. Zootaxa 3958(1): 1-258.

Raven, R. J., Hebron, W. & Williams, K. (2023). Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders VI: five new stripe-less miturgid genera and 48 new species (Miturgidae: Miturginae). Zootaxa 5358(1): 1-117.

Raven, R. J. & Schwendinger, P. J. (1995). Three new mygalomorph spider genera from Thailand and China (Araneae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 38(2): 623-641.

Rivera-Quiroz, F. A., Schilthuizen, M., Petcharad, B. & Miller, J. A. (2020). Imperfect and askew: a review of asymmetric genitalia in araneomorph spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). PLoS One 15(6, e0220354): 1-26.

Rix, M. G. (2005). A review of the Tasmanian species of Pararchaeidae and Holarchaeidae (Arachnida, Araneae). Journal of Arachnology 33: 135-152.

Rix, M. G. (2006). Systematics of the Australasian spider family Pararchaeidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Invertebrate Systematics 20(2): 203-254.

Rix, M. G. & Harvey, M. S. (2010b). The first pararchaeid spider (Araneae: Pararchaeidae) from New Caledonia, with a discussion on spinneret spigots and egg sac morphology in Ozarchaea. Zootaxa 2414: 27-40.

Rix, M. G. & Harvey, M. S. (2011). Australian assassins, Part I: A review of the assassin spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae) of mid-eastern Australia. ZooKeys 123: 1-100.

Rix, M. G. & Harvey, M. S. (2012a). Australian assassins, part II: A review of the new assassin spider genus Zephyrarchaea (Araneae, Archaeidae) from southern Australia. ZooKeys 191: 1-62.

Rix, M. G. & Harvey, M. S. (2012b). Australian assassins, part III: A review of the assassin spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae) of tropical north-eastern Queensland. ZooKeys 218: 1-55.

Rix, M. G., Main, B. Y., Raven, R. J. & Harvey, M. S. (2018a). Systematics of the spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Eucanippe (Mygalomorphae: Idiopidae: Aganippini) from south-western Australia: documenting a poorly-known lineage from Australia's biodiversity hotspot. Journal of Arachnology 46(1): 133-154 & Appendix "Atlas of male morphology spiny trapdoor spiders (genus Eucanippe)".

Rix, M. G., Raven, R. J., Main, B. Y., Harrison, S. E., Austin, A. D., Cooper, S. J. B. & Harvey, M. S. (2017a). The Australasian spiny trapdoor spiders of the family Idiopidae (Mygalomorphae: Arbanitinae): a relimitation and revision at the generic level. Invertebrate Systematics 31(5): 566-634.

Rix, M. G., Wood, H. M., Harvey, M. S. & Michalik, P. (2021). Micro-computed tomography reveals a remarkable twin intromittent organ in spiders – a novelty for arachnids with direct sperm transfer. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9(794708): 1-7.

Ríos-Tamayo, D. & Goloboff, P. A. (2017). Vilchura calderoni, a new genus and species of Euagrinae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Dipluridae) from Chile. Arachnology 17(4): 183-187.

Ríos-Tamayo, D., Engelbrecht, I. & Goloboff, P. A. (2021). A revision of the genus Hermacha Simon, 1889 (Mygalomorphae: Entypesidae), in southern Africa with revalidation of Hermachola Hewitt, 1915, and Brachytheliscus Pocock, 1902. American Museum Novitates 3977: 1-80.

Ríos-Tamayo, D., Lyle, R. & Sole, C. L. (2023). Ekapa, a new genus of mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Entypesidae) from South Africa. African Invertebrates 64(1): 1-12.

Rodrigues, B. V. B. & Rheims, C. A. (2020b). Phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Prodidominae (Arachnida: Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190(2): 654-708.

Roewer, C. F. (1961b). Opilioniden und Araneen. In Le Parc National de Niokolo-Koba, 2. Mémoires de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire 62: 33-81.

Rossi, G. de F., Castanheira, P. de S., Baptista, R. L. C. & Framenau, V. W. (2023). Venomius, a new monotypic genus of Australian orb-weaving spiders (Araneae, Araneidae). Evolutionary Systematics 7(2): 285-292.

Roth, V. D. (1967a). A redescription of the spider genus Mizaga Simon (Agelenidae), with new synonymy. American Museum Novitates 2291: 1-7.

Roth, V. D. (1967c). A review of the South American spiders of the family Agelenidae (Arachnida, Araneae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 134: 297-345, pl. 50-53.

Roth, V. D. (1984). The spider family Homalonychidae (Arachnida, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 2790: 1-11.

Roth, V. D. & Brame, P. L. (1972). Nearctic genera of the spider family Agelenidae (Arachnida, Araneida). American Museum Novitates 2505: 1-52.

Roth, V. D. & Brown, W. L. (1975b). Comments on the spider Saltonia incerta Banks (Agelenidae?). Journal of Arachnology 3: 53-56.

Rößler, D. C., Kimd, K., de Agró, M., Jordanc, A., Galiziaa, C Giovanni & Shamble, P. S. Regularly occurring bouts of retinal movements suggest an REM sleep–like state in jumping spiders.

Saaristo, M. I. (2010). Araneae. In: Gerlach, J. & Marusik, Y. M. (eds.) Arachnida and Myriapoda of the Seychelles islands. Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, pp. 8-306.

Sánchez-Ruiz, A. & Bonaldo, A. B. (2023). Strange new spiders: on Roddenberryus, a new and unusual caponiid genus (Araneae, Caponiidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 891: 1-25.

Sankaran, P. M., Caleb, J. T. D. & Sebastian, P. A. (2020f). A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896(4): 505-522.

Sankaran, P. M. & Sebastian, P. A. (2019). Systaria barkudensis (Gravely, 1931) is a junior synonym of Palicanus caudatus Thorell, 1897 (Araneae: Miturgidae, Systariinae). Zootaxa 4585(1): 192-196.

Santos, A. J. & Rheims, C. A. (2005). Four new species and new records for the spider genus Synotaxus Simon, 1895 (Araneae: Synotaxidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa 937: 1-12.

Santos, A. J., Brescovit, A. D. & Levi, H. W. (2005). Melychiopharis: an atypical orb-weaving spider from South America (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 1016: 57-64.

Santos, A. J. & Gonzaga, M. O. (2017). Systematics and natural history of Uaitemuri, a new genus of the orb-weaving spider family Uloboridae (Araneae: Deinopoidea) from south-eastern Brazil. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 180(1): 155-174 & Suppl.

Sánchez-Ruiz, A. & Brescovit, A. D. (2018). A revision of the Neotropical spider genus Nops MacLeay (Araneae: Caponiidae) with the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the Nopinae genera. Zootaxa 4427(1): 1-121.

Scharff, N. & Hormiga, G. (2012). First evidence of aggressive chemical mimicry in the Malagasy orb weaving spider Exechocentrus lancearius Simon, 1889 (Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae) and description of a second species in the genus. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 70(2): 107-118.

Schick, R. X. (1965). The crab spiders of California (Araneae, Thomisidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 129(1): 1-180.

Schütt, K. (2000). The limits of the Araneoidea (Arachnida: Araneae). Australian Journal of Zoology 48(2): 135-153.

Schwendinger, P. J. (1991). Two new trap-door spiders from Thailand (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Idiopidae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 8: 233-240.

Schwendinger, P. J. & Hongpadharakiree, K. (2014). Three new Prothemenops species (Araneae: Idiopidae) from central Thailand. Zootaxa 3893(4): 530-550.

Schwendinger, P. J., Lehmann-Graber, C., Hongpadharakiree, K. & Syuhadah, N. (2020). New euagrid spider species from Thailand and Malaysia, and new localities of Leptothele bencha (Arachnida: Araneae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 127(2): 423-453.

Selden, P. A. & Penney, D. (2010). Fossil spiders. Biological Reviews 85(1): 171-206.

Sherwood, D. (2020). A note on morphological characters and their informative roles in theraphosid taxonomy (Araneae, Theraphosidae). Newsletter of the British Arachnological Society 147: 16-18.

Sherwood, D., Blick, T., Gabriel, R. & Lucas, S. M. (2021a). On the authorship and publication dates of the nomina Theraphosa and Theraphosidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae). Zootaxa 4950(2): 395-397.

Shida, R. (2022). First records of the arboreal wolf spider species Hogna trunca Yin, Bao & Zhang 1996 (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Japan. Acta Arachnologica 71(2): 129-133.

Siliwal, M., Molur, S. & Raven, R. (2015). New genus with two new species of the family Nemesiidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 8: 43-48.

Silva-Dávila, D. (2007). Mahafalytenus, a new spider genus from Madagascar (Araneae, Ctenidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 59-98.

Simon, E. (1893e). Études arachnologiques. 25e Mémoire. XL. Descriptions d'espèces et de genres nouveaux de l'ordre des Araneae. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 62: 299-330.

Simon, E. (1907d). Arachnides recueillis par L. Fea sur la côte occidentale d'Afrique. 1re partie. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 43: 218-323.

Simon, E. (1906c). Voyage de M. Maurice Maindron dans l'Inde méridionale (mai à novembre 1901). 8me Mémoire. Arachnides (2e partie). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 75(3): 279-314.

Souza, L. H. B., Brescovit, A. D. & Araujo, D. (2017). A new species of Synotaxus and the first chromosomal study on Synotaxidae, presenting a rare XY sex chromosome system in spiders (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zootaxa 4303(1): 140-150.

Szűts, T., Szabó, K., Zamani, A., Forman, M., Miller, J., Oger, P., Fabregat, M., Kovács, G. & Gál, J. (2023). A study in scarlet: integrative taxonomy of the spider genus Loureedia (Araneae: Eresidae). Diversity 15(238): 1-26.

Tang, Y. N., Wu, Y. Y., Zhao, Y. & Yang, Z. Z. (2022). Description of a new genus and two new species of the funnel-web mygalomorph (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Macrothelidae) from China with notes on taxonomic amendments. Zootaxa 5125(5): 513-535.

Tong, Y. F. & Li, S. Q. (2008d). Tetrablemmidae (Arachnida, Araneae), a spider family newly recorded from China. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 8(2): 84-98.

Urquhart, A. T. (1892b). Descriptions of new species of Araneidae ["Araneidae" misspelled and supposed to be "Araneae," at least in the PDF form]. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 24: 230-253.

Vanuytven, H. (2021). The Theridiidae of the World. A key to the genera with their diagnosis and a study of the body length of all known species. Newsletter of the Belgian arachnological Society 35(Supplement): 1-363.

Villarreal, O. & Chamé-Vázquez, D. (2023). First record of the false violin spider of the family Drymusidae (Araneae, Synspermiata, Scytodoidea) from Venezuela, with the description of a new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 99(1): 273-280.

Vink, C., Dupérré, N. & Malumbres-Olarte, J. (2013). Periegopidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Fauna of New Zealand 70: 1-35.

Wan, J. L. & Peng, X. J. (2013a). The spiders of the genus Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 from China (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Zootaxa 3691: 87-134.

Wang, X. P. (2000). A revision of the genus Tamgrinia (Araneae: Amaurobiidae), with notes on amaurobiid spinnerets, tracheae and trichobothria. Invertebrate Taxonomy 14(4): 449-464.

Wang, X. P. & Zhu, M. S. (2008). Himalmartensus, a new genus of the spider family Amaurobiidae from Nepal (Araneae). Journal of Arachnology 36: 241-250.

Wheeler, W. C., Coddington, J. A., Crowley, L. M., Dimitrov, D., Goloboff, P. A., Griswold, C. E., Hormiga, G., Prendini, L., Ramírez, M. J., Sierwald, P., Almeida-Silva, L. M., Álvarez-Padilla, F., Arnedo, M. A., Benavides, L. R., Benjamin, S. P., Bond, J. E., Grismado, C. J., Hasan, E., Hedin, M., Izquierdo, M. A., Labarque, F. M., Ledford, J., Lopardo, L., Maddison, W. P., Miller, J. A., Piacentini, L. N., Platnick, N. I., Polotow, D., Silva-Dávila, D., Scharff, N., Szűts, T., Ubick, D., Vink, C., Wood, H. M. & Zhang, J. X. (2017). The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling. Cladistics 33(6): 576-616.

Wood, H. (2008). A revision of the assassin spiders of the Eriauchenius gracilicollis group, a clade of spiders endemic to Madagascar (Araneae: Archaeidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 152(2): 255-296.

Wood, H. M., Griswold, C. E. & Gillespie, R. (2012). Phylogenetic placement of pelican spiders (Archaeidae, Araneae), with insight into evolution of the "neck" and predatory behaviours of the superfamily Palpimanoidea. Cladistics 28(6): 598-626.

Wood, H. M. & Scharff, N. (2018). A review of the Madagascan pelican spiders of the genera Eriauchenius O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881 and Madagascarchaea gen. n. (Araneae, Archaeidae). ZooKeys 727: 1-96.

Wu, Y. Y., Li, Z. M., Yang, Y. & Yang, Z. Z. (2022a). Two new species of the genus Macrothele Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae, Macrothelidae) from China. Biodiversity Data Journal 10(e90967): 1-19.

Wunderlich, J. (2011). Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beiträge zur Araneologie 6: 1-640.

Wunderlich, J. (2012a). Fifteen papers on extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beiträge zur Araneologie 7: 1-246.

Wunderlich, J. (2017c). A new extant spider genus from Myanmar (Burma) (Araneae: Dictynidae: Dictyninae). Beiträge zur Araneologie 10: 327-330, 354.

Wunderlich, J. (2017d). New and rare fossil spiders (Araneae) in Mid Cretaceous Amber from Myanmar (Burma), including the description of new extinct families of the suborders Mesothelae and Opisthothelae, as well as notes on the taxonomy, the evolution and the biogeography of the Mesothelae. Beiträge zur Araneologie 10: 72-279, 333-354.

Wunderlich, J. (2020c). New and already described fossil spiders (Araneae) of 20 families in mid and late Cretaceous Burmese Ambers, with notes on spider phylogeny, evolution and classification. Beiträge zur Araneologie 13: 22-164.

Wunderlich, J. (2023). Contribution to the spider (Araneida) fauna of the Algarve, Portugal, with notes on the phylogeny of the superfamily Araneoidea and the description of the new araneoid family Fonteferridae. Beiträge zur Araneologie 16: 4-112, 231-233.

Xu, X. & Li, S. Q. (2006b). Two new species of the genus Tamgrinia Lehtinen, 1967 from China (Araneae: Amaurobiidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 82: 61-67.

Xu, X., Ono, H., Kuntner, M., Liu, F. X. & Li, D. Q. (2019b). A taxonomic monograph of the liphistiid spider genus Heptathela, endemic to Japanese islands. ZooKeys 888: 1-50.

Xu, X., Xu, C., Li, F., Pham, D. S. & Li, D. Q. (2017b). Trapdoor spiders of the genus Cyclocosmia Ausserer, 1871 from China and Vietnam (Araneae, Ctenizidae). ZooKeys 643: 75-85.

Xu, H., Zhang, X. Q., Yao, Z. Y., Ali, A. & Li, S. Q. (2021a). Thirty-five new species of the spider genus Pimoa (Araneae, Pimoidae) from Pan-Himalaya. ZooKeys 1029: 1-92.

Yang, W. C., Yu, H. & Lin, Y. C. (2022). A review of the spider genus Chthonopes (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae), with descriptions of two new species from China. ZooKeys 1124: 147-160.

Yu, K., Zhang, S. Y. & Zhang, F. (2021a). Chinothele jixiang gen. et sp. nov., a new euagrid spider from China (Araneae, Euagridae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica 30(1): 26-30.

Zamani, A. & Marusik, Y. M. (2020a). A review of Agelenini (Araneae: Agelenidae: Ageleninae) of Iran and Tajikistan, with descriptions of four new genera. Arachnology 18(4): 368-386.

Zamani, A. & Marusik, Y. M. (2021a). New taxa of six families of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 67(1): 81-91.

Zamani, A. & Marusik, Y. M. (2022a). New taxonomic data on Zodariinae (Araneae: Zodariidae) of Azerbaijan, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Zootaxa 5155(3): 423-438.

Zamani, A., Marusik, Y. M. & Berry, J. W. (2016). A new species of Paratheuma (Araneae: Dictynidae) from Southwestern Asia and transfer of the genus. Zoology in the Middle East 62(2): 177-183.

Zamani, A., Mirshamsi, O. & Marusik, Y. M. (2017). Description of a new species of Hersiliola and the male of Duninia rheimsae Marusik & Fet, 2009 from Iran (Araneae: Hersiliidae). Turkish Journal of Zoology 41(4): 624-629.

Zamani, A., Mirshamsi, O., Rashidi, P., Marusik, Y. M., Moradmand, M. & Bolzern, A. (2016). New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Aranei), part III. Arthropoda Selecta 25(1): 99-114.

Zamani, A., Stockmann, M., Magalhaes, I. L. F. & Rheims, C. A. (2022a). New taxonomic considerations in the spitting spider family Scytodidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Zootaxa 5092(2): 151-175.

Zhan, Y., Sivayyapram, V., Liu, F. X., Li, D. Q. & Xu, X. (2022). Three new species of the spider genus Liphistius (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae) from Thailand. ZooKeys 1104: 115-128.

Zhang, Q. Q., Li, S. Q. & Lin, Y. C. (2022). Taxonomic study on Mysmenidae spiders (Mysmenidae, Araneae) from Xishuangbanna of Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 1124: 59-108.

Zhang, Q. Q., Li, Y., Lin, Y. C., Li, S. Q., Yao, Z. Y. & Zhang, X. Q. (2023d). Regression of East Tethys resulted in a center of biodiversity: a study of Mysmenidae spiders from the Gaoligong Mountains, China. Zoological Research 44(4): 737-738, S1-S91.

Zhang, J. S., Yu, H. & Li, S. Q. (2021c). On the clubionid spiders (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna, China, with descriptions of two new genera and seven new species. ZooKeys 1062: 73-122.

Zhao, D. C., Fei, M. H., Zeng, X., Ying, Y. H., Xiao, Y. H. & Liu, K. K. (2021b). First description of the male of Psechrus jinggangensis Wang & Yin, 2001 from China. ZooKeys 1056: 1-15.

Zhao, Q. Y. & Li, S. Q. (2012). Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae). ZooKeys 255: 1-48.

Zhu, M. S. & Song, D. X. (2000b). Review of the Chinese funnel-web spiders of the genus Macrothele, with descriptions of two new species (Araneae: Hexathelidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 48: 59-64.

Zhu, M. S., Song, D. X. & Zhang, J. X. (2003). Fauna Sinica: Invertebrata Vol. 35: Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae. Science Press, Beijing, 418 pp.

Zonstein, S. L. (2016a). New data on the spider genus Pionothele (Araneae: Nemesiidae), with description of a new species from South Africa. Israel Journal of Entomology 46: 31-42.

Zonstein, S. L. (2020). On Afromygale, a new mygalomorph spider genus from East Africa (Araneae: Pycnothelidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 50(1): 131-146.

Zonstein, S. L. & Ríos-Tamayo, D. (2021). Afropesa, a new spider genus from South Africa (Araneae: Entypesidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 51: 7-34.

Zonstein, S., Kunt, K. B. & Yağmur, E. A. (2018). A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). I. Species from Western Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 399: 1-93.

It's been around one and a half years since I first announced I was working on a field guide to spider families from around the globe. The book is to be called A Field Guide to the Spider Families of the World. It will have straightforward identification for all spider families around the globe, and each family in the book is presented with various names, included taxa (genera, species, etc.), taxonomy (classification, such as spider families that are morphologically similar, or recent changes and problems with the family), similar families (other spider families that are visually similar), diagnostic and field characters (parts on a spider that help distinguish it from similar spider families), spinnerets (silk-spinning appendages), size (body length, not including chelicerae or spinnerets), distribution (where it can be found on the globe), lifestyle (where it lives, i.e., habitat), and remarks as well as stunning photographs.

Well, unfortunately, it seems there just isn't enough information to give accurate diagnoses for many of the 135 spider families (though for stability and identification purposes, I left Araneidae as the separate Araneidae, Nephilidae, Paraplectanoididae, and Phonognathidae, thus at 138), and several of the difficult families are in taxonomic chaos. This is because relationships of different spiders are currently determined by what is known as molecular data and phylogenetics, which analyze DNA sequences. It has completely ruined spider taxonomy and ease in identification, and the book is intended to give ideas on how to escort spider taxonomy out of the unsatisfactory phylogenetic imbroglio it is currently forced in, an arduous task that occupied the vast majority of the time in making the field guide. I very much despise molecular data and phylogenetic usage, and I will probably be criticized for presenting arguments against them, if not ignored entirely; however, I feel it is time someone opines before the worst becomes worse. Murphy & Roberts (2015) stated that spider spinnerets "...provide the most stable clues to family relationships." They aren't entirely stable, but they are the most stable form of classification when used alone, and because spinnerets are so intricate and intriguing, I couldn't refrain from including information on them in the family chapters. Spider taxonomy should use a wide variety of characters to classify taxa within Araneae, and I believe phylogenetic ideas should be excluded, or at least not prioritized as they are now, because they simply don't work half the time.

Also unfortunate, because of the problems with spider taxonomy and identification, I have had to delay making the book several times, and at one point I even thought about quitting entirely. And once again, the book must be delayed. This is because there is too little known about many of the diagnostic characters of many of the families.

Fortunately, I have collected so much information on the 138 spider families, I have decided on something else: to help others with identifying spider families, I will soon post journals for spider biology and for each of the families here, and they will include all or nearly all that I listed in the above description of the book, including photographs. I still do plan to publish a physical copy of the book someday (and it will be even better than what I will post as journals here), but it will just take so much time and effort I feel this is necessary for now. Another nice thing is that these can stay updated, and corrections will be welcomed! Because there are so many references and terms for the book, there will also be reference and glossary journals.