Variation among ungulates in flexibility of fetlock joint

The following photos of Rangifer tarandus tarandus (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_reindeer) provide food for thought:
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/wild-reindeer-running-norway-scandinavia-115993429 and https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/walking-reeindeer-against-natural-landscape-norway-118110622.

The following shows that the false-hooves (dewclaws) touch the ground even during walking:
https://www.alamy.com/reindeer-rangifer-tarandus-walking-by-a-road-in-lapland-sweden-image151592775.html.

However, they do not touch the ground during standing:
https://www.dreamstime.com/reindeer-road-adult-male-reindeer-huge-antlers-standing-along-road-rangifer-tarandus-image126358242 and https://www.bigstockphoto.com/image-258567196/stock-photo-reindeer-standing-on-the-road-%28rangifer-tarandus%29.

This suggests that, in Rangifer tarandus, the false-hooves (dewclaws) tend to touch the ground even when walking on firm surfaces.

The following shows that, in Alces alces, the false-hooves likewise touch the ground during trotting on a firm surface:
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/large-female-moose-crossing-road-on-556506865

However, in the case of A, alces, thenfalse-hovves remain clear of the ground during walking:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Moose_crossing_a_road.jpg

Alces alces:
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/moose-wyoming-752967940
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/moose-crosses-road-on-cabot-trail-176672474
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/female-moose-crosses-alaska-highway-near-1652325463

https://www.tripsavvy.com/how-to-avoid-hitting-deer-and-moose-with-car-2973107

https://consumer.healthday.com/public-health-information-30/travel-safety-health-news-674/the-moose-a-rare-but-often-deadly-road-hazard-743859.html

Bubalus carabanensis:

https://wildsidenaturetours.com/?attachment_id=2167#foobox-1/0/SRI-LANKA-Water-Buffalo-f-2000-BINNS-D64A2575-copy.jpg
https://www.vecteezy.com/photo/7555222-man-with-buffalo-crossing-the-road
https://travel67.com/2016/07/24/water-buffalo-crossing/

Posted on Φεβρουάριος 13, 2023 1046 ΜΜ by milewski milewski

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Bison bison:

https://www.alamy.com/yellowstone-national-park-wyoming-usa-bison-walking-across-a-highway-in-yellowstone-image485571907.html?imageid=25BE7E2A-2539-417E-8294-B71D18D29965&p=235984&pn=2&searchId=4bd757f9f5f303e5451104ce36519272&searchtype=0

https://www.alamy.com/yellowstone-national-park-wyoming-usa-bison-walking-across-a-highway-in-yellowstone-image485571908.html?imageid=2F82FC81-0DD8-4DAA-970D-5C209D33F523&p=235984&pn=1&searchId=e45394b7006ddcc3a9efd2f4a5746ab6&searchtype=0

https://www.alamy.com/american-bison-bison-bison-crossing-a-road-grand-teton-national-park-image62122669.html?imageid=BBE174E3-E4BB-4819-A57E-BE346F8051F4&p=27982&pn=1&searchId=e45394b7006ddcc3a9efd2f4a5746ab6&searchtype=0

https://www.alamy.com/american-bison-american-buffalo-crossing-the-road-yellowstone-national-image68416113.html?imageid=67C8ED41-7CC9-4952-8370-9C029BB0FD37&p=31460&pn=1&searchId=e45394b7006ddcc3a9efd2f4a5746ab6&searchtype=0

https://www.alamy.com/yellowstone-national-park-wyoming-usa-bison-walking-across-a-highway-in-yellowstone-image485571908.html?imageid=2F82FC81-0DD8-4DAA-970D-5C209D33F523&p=235984&pn=1&searchId=e45394b7006ddcc3a9efd2f4a5746ab6&searchtype=0

https://www.alamy.com/big-male-american-bison-bison-bison-on-the-road-rocky-mountain-arsenal-national-wildlife-refuge-commerce-city-near-denver-colorado-image439045409.html?imageid=B3D7B5B2-5433-4072-B51E-F03A1E3889B7&p=71799&pn=1&searchId=e45394b7006ddcc3a9efd2f4a5746ab6&searchtype=0

https://www.alamy.com/side-view-of-adult-american-buffalo-crossing-the-road-at-yellowstone-national-park-wyoming-montana-and-idaho-united-states-the-bison-is-a-symbol-of-the-american-west-summer-season-with-cloudy-sky-image230165602.html?imageid=C6EA8298-467C-4CE0-BE62-329AB7414B84&p=260073&pn=1&searchId=e45394b7006ddcc3a9efd2f4a5746ab6&searchtype=0

https://www.alamy.com/bison-buffalo-cloven-hoofs-showing-with-snow-crosses-road-in-yellowstone-national-park-usa-image495329782.html?imageid=B080734F-BF59-44C1-861C-F9DC787EA448&p=88305&pn=1&searchId=e45394b7006ddcc3a9efd2f4a5746ab6&searchtype=0

https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-american-bison-buffalo-bison-bison-male-bison-corsses-street-usa-wyoming-97242313.html?imageid=E3E9D1BD-20F1-4FF8-AD62-71F0297EB088&p=851129&pn=2&searchId=4bd757f9f5f303e5451104ce36519272&searchtype=0

https://www.alamy.com/male-bison-crossing-road-in-yellowstone-national-park-wyoming-usa-image357782562.html?imageid=7E11D36F-9B2F-4D26-8116-93B274419979&p=41991&pn=2&searchId=4bd757f9f5f303e5451104ce36519272&searchtype=0

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